History

Contributions
Richly Glenn Bagongon
BSIT 2A
01 Gravity
 History / Discovery
Newton invented gravity on the spot, according to tradition, after an apple fell
from a tree and landed on his head. In fact, Newton was motivated to think about
the mysterious force that attracts objects to the ground after seeing an apple fall
from a tree. He compared the straight route of the apple to the curved path of a
fired cannonball. He wondered what would happen if the projectile became faster
and faster, and came to the conclusion that it would eventually "fall" around the
Earth's curvature indefinitely, never reaching the ground. This "forever falling"
motion describes the movement of the Moon around the Earth and the Earth
around the Sun.
Contributions.
Gravity is a universal force of attraction that
affects everything. Its vast reach and ubiquitous
activity govern the movements of bodies in the
solar system and beyond, as well as the
construction and evolution of stars, galaxies, and
the whole universe. The weight, or downward
force of gravity, that all bodies on Earth
experience is proportionate to their mass and is
exerted on them by the mass of the Earth.
 Contributions in
Scientific
Newton's theory isDevelopment.
still adequate for all but the
most precise applications today. Except in a few
cases, Einstein's general theory of relativity
predicts very small quantitative modifications
from Newtonian theory. The most significant
element of Einstein's theory is its radical
conceptual departure from classical theory, as well
as the implications for future advancements in
physical cognition. The launch of space ships, as
well as subsequent breakthroughs in study, have
resulted in considerable increases in gravity
measurements around Earth, other planets, and the
Moon, as well as experiments on gravitational
physics.
02 Telescope
 History / Discovery

Although historians are unsure who invented the telescope, in 1608, a Dutch

spectacle maker named Hans Lipperhey revealed a new lens-based viewing

device that brought distant objects closer. This is the oldest evidence of the

invention of the telescope, the first scientific tool to extend one of the human

senses.
 Contributions
Telescopes have provided us with a fresh view on
the universe. Early telescopes proved that the Earth
was not, according to popular belief, the center of
the universe. They also revealed mountains and
craters on the moon. The geology and weather of
our solar system's planets were later uncovered
through telescopes. Telescopes have also been used
to find new planets and asteroids. These instruments
were crucial in getting the first precise measurement
of light speed. Our knowledge of gravity and other
fundamental physical concepts has also been
improved by telescopes. Our comprehension of the
light radiated by the sun and other stars has also
benefited from telescopes.
03 Processed Food
 History / Discovery
Butchering, fermenting, sun drying, salt preservation, and other cooking
procedures are all examples of food processing that date back to prehistoric times
(such as roasting, smoking, steaming, and oven baking). Salt preservation was
notably common for items that made up the meals of soldiers and sailors before
the introduction of canning technology. The presence of these methods is
supported by writings from the ancient Greek, Chaldean, Egyptian, and Roman
civilizations, as well as archaeological evidence from Europe, North and South
America, and Asia. These tried-and-true processing processes remained
practically unaltered until the Industrial Revolution. There are several instances of
pre-Industrial Revolution ready-meals.
 Contributions

Our present genetic and biochemical

understanding is directly influenced by the
research and practice of food growth and
preservation.
04 Microscope
 History / Discovery
Grinding glass for spectacles and magnifying glasses was common in the 13th

century. Several Dutch lens makers developed magnifying devices in the late 16th

century, but Galileo Galilei did not construct the first microscope until 1609.

Dutch sight manufacturers Zaccharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey were the first

to conceive the concept of the compound microscope. They realized that by

putting various types and sizes of lenses in opposite ends of tubes, they could

magnify tiny things.

 Contributions
Because biological systems are so
complicated, microscopes can assist us in
better understanding them. A microscope
allows scientists to observe complex
relationships between structures and functions
at varying resolutions. Microscopes have
advanced since they were first invented and
used by early scientists like Anthony
Leeuwenhoek to investigate bacteria, yeast,
and blood cells.
05 Radio
 History / Discovery

The first edition of radio was patented in 1896 by Guglielmo Marconi. Marconi

was a pioneer of wireless telegraphy. Born in Italy in 1874, he began

experimenting with his inventions at the age of 20 after becoming aware of the

work of Hertz in electromagnetic waves, also known as radio waves. Marconi

identified this area was not popularly pursued by other inventors at the time.
 History / Discovery

In July 1986 Marconi made the first demonstration of his invention, the radio
transmitter and receiver, for the British government. In December 1901, Marconi
successfully transmitted the first wireless telegraphy signals across the Atlantic
Ocean. He was awarded the Nobel prize in physics in 1909

The BBC used the fourth generation of Marconi's "Type A" microphones widely

from the 1930s forward. The BBC became synonymous with the Type A..
 Contributions
Radio grew become a reliable mode of
communication for pilots, ship captains, truck
drivers, police enforcement, emergency services,
and many other professionals. It subsequently
evolved into a colorful addition to families. When
radio became an indispensable mode of
communication, people all over the world would
simply sit by their home radios and listen to the
news. One of the most significant contributions of
radio has been the fast dissemination of
information. Radio was, in some ways, a
forerunner of the Internet technologies that
followed.
06 Benzene Ring
Michael Faraday, an English physicist, discovered benzene in an illuminating gas
History / Discovery
in 1825. In 1834, German chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich produced benzene by
heating benzoic acid with lime. In 1845, a German chemist named A.W. von
Hofmann isolated benzene from coal tar.
Since its discovery, the structure of benzene has piqued researchers' attention.
Joseph Loschmidt and August Kekule von Stradonitz, both German chemists,
suggested a cyclic structure of six carbons with alternating single and double
bonds in 1861 and 1866, respectively. Kekule later changed his structural formula
to one in which double bond oscillation resulted in two equivalent structures in
fast equilibrium. Linus Pauling, an American scientist, proposed that benzene had
a single structure that was a resonance hybrid of the two Kekule structures in
 Contributions
Benzene is a chemical that is commonly utilized in
industry. Benzene can be found in crude oil and is
a significant component of gasoline. Plastics,
resins, synthetic fibers, rubber lubricants, dyes,
detergents, medicines, and pesticides are all made
with it. Volcanoes and forest fires naturally create
benzene. Benzene has a wide range of applications.
Benzene is a common industrial chemical that is
also included in gasoline. Benzene is also used to
make plastics, synthetic fibers, rubber lubricants,
dyes, resins, detergents, and pharmaceuticals,
among other things.
07 Large Hadron
Collider
 History
The Large Hadron Collider is the world's/most
Discovery
powerful particle accelerator. The LHC
was built in the same 27-kilometer tunnel that housed the Large Electron-Positron
Collider by the European Organization for Nuclear Research. The circular tunnel, which
runs between France and Switzerland, is 50–175 meters below ground. The LHC
performed its first test operation on September 10, 2008. On September 18, an electrical
problem in a cooling system produced a temperature increase in the magnets of over 100
degrees Celsius, despite the fact that they are meant to work at temperatures close to
absolute zero. Early expectations that the LHC will be fixed quickly turned out to be
overly optimistic. It was revived on November 20, 2009. On November 30, it eclipsed
the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory's Tevatron as the most powerful particle
accelerator when it boosted protons to energies of 1.18 teraelectron volts.
 Contributions
The LHC genuinely has a worldwide impact. They
work in worldwide teams all around the world to
develop and test equipment and software, conduct
experiments, and analyze data. We were able to
establish the presence of the final previously
unknown particle anticipated by the current theory
of small subatomic particles by using the LHC.
08 Guns
 History
They've been around for almost / Discovery
a thousand years and have had a profound influence on
warfare — and society in general — that few other technologies can match. This is a
discussion about guns. Guns, which were formerly seen solely as a weapon of choice for
the world's military forces, are now regarded as a "right" of the ordinary man by some,
notably in the United States, where it is protected by the Constitution.
Around 850 C.E., Chinese alchemists accidentally discovered gunpowder while
attempting to create a "fountain of youth" elixir. The resulting powder, Huo yao, was a
combination of charcoal, saltpeter, and sulfur. They quickly learned that the powder
might be used in battle. The Song Dynasty, which governed at the time, was the first to
use gunpowder against the Mongols, who plagued the Chinese throughout the period
with numerous invasions.
 History / Discovery

To combat the Mongols, the Chinese utilized fire lances, also known as "flying

fire," which were arrows equipped with gunpowder tubes that, when ignited,

would propel over enemy lines. During the next decades, as the Chinese mastered

a variety of weapons against the Mongols, including the first cannons and

grenades, more gunpowder-based weaponry was created.

Contributions

Advances in metallurgy have drastically

altered our rifle frame production
process.Ammunition performance has vastly
improved thanks to advances in metallurgical
techniques, regulated chemical interactions,
and flight patterns.
09 Internet
 History / Discovery
The first functional prototype of the Internet was born with the creation of ARPANET, or
the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, in the late 1960s. ARPANET, which
was funded by the US Department of Defense at the time, used packet switching to allow
several computers to communicate over a single network.
The first message delivered via ARPAnet was a "node-to-node" communication from one
computer to another on October 29, 1969. Despite the fact that the message—"LOGIN"—
was short and simple, it shattered the ARPA network's embryonic state: the Stanford
computer only received the first two letters of the memo.
 History / Discovery

TCP/IP, or Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol, was established in the
1970s by academicians Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf as a communications paradigm that
set rules for how data might be transmitted between various networks.
Contributions

We now have considerably faster

access to data and papers. It is
possible to share online
information, such as the outstanding
Teaching Tools Science. Social
networking services such as
ResearchGate, Scoop. It, and
Facebook have given science and
scientists an online presence. All of
this contemporary convenience,
however, does not come without its
downsides.
10 Cell phones
 History / Discovery
Researchers at Bell Labs in the United States began experimenting with the notion of a
cellular phone network in the 1970s. The plan was to blanket the country with a hexagonal
cell network, each with its own base station. These base stations would use radio
frequencies to deliver and receive messages from mobile phones. There was no risk of
interference because any two neighboring cells would operate at distinct frequencies.
The radio signals would be connected to the main telecommunications network by the
stations, and phones would seamlessly swap frequencies as they went from one cell to the
next.
 History / Discovery
By the end of the 1970s the Bell Labs Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was up and
running on a small scale. Simultaneously, in the United States, Martin Cooper, a Motorola
engineer, was developing a gadget that looked like the Star Trek communicator that had
fascinated him when he first saw it on television.
A Motorola engineer named Martin Cooper invented the first hand-held phone that could
connect to Bell's AMPS system. Motorola introduced the DynaTAC in 1984. Despite the
fact that it was known as The Brick and weighed more than a kilogram, it quickly became
a must-have item for wealthy financiers and entrepreneurs.
Contributions

Smartphones have become a major source of

information. The accelerometer is often used to
measure and recognize physical and biological
activity; this data is sometimes combined with
data from the gyroscope and magnetometer to
offer a more accurate evaluation of one's
physical activities.
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YOU