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Lab 13 Structures

The document discusses structures in C programming. It defines a structure as a collection of elements of different data types. Structures allow grouping of related data and can contain nested structures. Structures are declared using the struct keyword and variables of a structure type can be initialized during declaration or later. Members of a structure are accessed using the dot operator. Arrays of structures can be used to store multiple records of the same type.

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Deep Kumar 21BCE5341
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15 views

Lab 13 Structures

The document discusses structures in C programming. It defines a structure as a collection of elements of different data types. Structures allow grouping of related data and can contain nested structures. Structures are declared using the struct keyword and variables of a structure type can be initialized during declaration or later. Members of a structure are accessed using the dot operator. Arrays of structures can be used to store multiple records of the same type.

Uploaded by

Deep Kumar 21BCE5341
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure

• Collection of elements with different datatype


• Define a structure
• Declare structure variables using that structure
• Initialization
• Access the members of structure
• Nested Structure
• Array of Structures
Define a structure
• Syntax:
struct tagname
{
Datatype variable name;
Datatype variable name;
..
..
};
Note-If we are not using tag name, then all the structure variables should mention
in the structure definition itself.
Example 1
struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
float perc;
};
struct student s1; \\ declaration of structure variables
Example 2
struct
{
int id;
char name[20];
float perc;
} s1; \\ declaration of structure variables
Initialization
• Compile time initialization
• Eg- struct student s1={20,”Anu”, 75.5};
• struct student s2={24,”Abc”, 70.7};

OR
• Eg- s1.id=20;
• s1.name=“Anu”;
Access the members of the structures
• Access the members of the structures using dot operator
• Eg- s1.id
• s1.name
Run time initialization

• Example
• scanf(“%d %s%f”,&s1.id,s1.name,&s1.perc);
Example
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
float perc;
};
struct student s1={20,"Anu",75.5};
struct student s2;
printf("enter details of s2");
scanf("%d %s %f",&s2.id,s2.name,&s2.perc);
printf("Details of student1");
printf("student id=%d\n student name=%s\n student percentage=%f\n",s1.id,s1.name,s1.perc);
printf("Details of student2");
printf("student id=%d\n student name=%s\n student percentage=%f\n",s2.id,s2.name,s2.perc);
}
Nested Structure
• A structure variable as a member of another structure
Example
#include<stdio.h>
struct dob
{
int day;
int month;
int year;
};
struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
struct dob d1;
};
struct student s1;
void main()
{
printf("enter id of s1");
scanf("%d",&s1.id);
printf("enter name of s1");
scanf("%s",s1.name);
printf("enter dob of s1");
scanf("%d %d %d",&s1.d1.day,&s1.d1.month,&s1.d1.year);
printf("Details of student1\n");
printf("student id=%d\n student name=%s\n student dob=%d-%d-%d\
n",s1.id,s1.name,s1.d1.day,s1.d1.month,s1.d1.year);
}
Output
Or write the nested structure example like
this..
struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
struct dob
{
int day;
int month;
int year;
}d1;
};
Array of Structures
• To declare an array of structure, first the structure must be defined and then an array variable of
that type should be defined.
• For Example − struct book b[10]; //10 elements in an array of structures of type ‘book’
Example
struct employee{
char name[20];
int eid;
int salary;
};
void main()
{
struct employee emp[10];
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct student{
int id;
char name[30];
float percentage;
};
int main(){
int i;
struct student record[2];
// 1st student's record
record[0].id=1;
strcpy(record[0].name, "Bhanu");
record[0].percentage = 86.5;
// 2nd student's record
record[1].id=2;
strcpy(record[1].name, "Priya");
record[1].percentage = 90.5;
// 3rd student's record
record[2].id=3;
strcpy(record[2].name, "Hari");
record[2].percentage = 81.5;
for(i=0; i<3; i++){
printf(" Records of STUDENT : %d \n", i+1);
printf(" Id is: %d \n", record[i].id);
printf(" Name is: %s \n", record[i].name);
printf(" Percentage is: %f\n\n",record[i].percentage);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Records of STUDENT : 1
Id is: 1
Name is: Bhanu
Percentage is: 86.500000
Records of STUDENT : 2
Id is: 2
Name is: Priya
Percentage is: 90.500000
Records of STUDENT : 3
Id is: 3
Name is: Hari
Percentage is: 81.500000
Exercises
• WAP in C to store information of a student(id, age, name) using
structure
• WAP in C to store information of 10 employees(eid, name, salary)
using structure
• WAP in C to store information of a student(id, name, age and
address(house _no, city name)) using structure

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