Active Magnetic Bearing

V.
V SANGHA’S
RAO BAHADHUR Y MAHABHALESHWARPPA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL SEMINAR
“ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARINGS”

PRESENTED BY: UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
NAME: SANTOSH B K Asst.Prof. Dhandin Ramesh
USN: 3VC18ME012 Dept. of Mechanical Engg.,RYMEC,
R.NO: 09/A Ballari.
SEM: VIII
ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARING
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION.
 CONSTRUCTION.
 WORKING.
 ADVANTAGES.
 DISADVANTAGES.
 APPLICATIONS.
 CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES.

INTRODUCTION
 An active magnetic bearing (AMB) system supports a rotating shaft, without any physical
contact by suspending the rotor in the air, with an electrically controlled (or/and permanent
magnet) magnetic force.
 It is a mechatronic product which involves different fields of engineering such as

Mechanical, Electrical, Control Systems, and Computer Science etc.
CONSTRUCTION
• The active magnetic bearing comprises two parts — the mechanical and electronic. The mechanical
parts are similar to electrical motor with a rotor and stator. A core on the stator is wound with the coil
through which the electric current that induces the magnetic field.
• This generates the force that supports the shaft. The electronic part of the active magnetic even
slightest deviation from the desire position will trigger in electronic system to adjust the current
flowing through the electromagnets that determines the strength of the magnetic.
• The current are adjust so that desired rotor position is maintained even under varying load
conditions. The magnetic field is dependent on the current flowing through the coils. The larger the
current, the stronger the magnetic field and the load it is able to support.
• As the rotor gets closer to the magnet, the force increases. The system needs to continuously adjust
the magnetic strength coming from the electromagnets in order to hold the rotor in the desired
position.
WORKING
 Magnetic bearing systems have several components. The mechanical components consist of the
electromagnets, position sensors and the rotor.

 The electronics consist of a set of power amplifiers that supply current to electromagnets. A
controller works with the position sensors which provide feedback to control the position of the
rotor within the gap.
 The position sensor registers a change in position of the shaft (rotor). This change in position is
communicated back to the processor where the signal is processed and the controller decides what
the necessary response should be, then initiates a response to the amplifier. This response should
then increase the magnetic force in the corresponding electromagnet in order to bring the shaft
back to center. In a typical system, the radial clearance can range from 0.5 to 1 mm.
ADVANTAGES
 Contact-free
 No lubricant
 No maintenance
 Tolerable against heat, cold, vacuum, chemicals
 Low losses
 Capacity to operate within a wide temperature range
 Environmentally friendly workplace
 Very high rotational speeds

DISADVANTAGES
 One of the most crucial is very high complexity, which results in relatively high probability of
faults or failures.
 Properties of the AMBs are completely dependent on the quality of the control system. Because
AMBs are inherently unstable, they are not able to work correctly without permanent feedback
(e.g., information about displacements measured by sensors).
 A failure occurred in the loop can have fatal consequences for the process (e.g., machined part)
or for the equipment (e.g., spindle, tool, etc.).
APPLICATIONS
 Magnetic bearings are increasingly used in industrial machines such as compressors, turbines,
pumps, motors and generators. Magnetic bearings are commonly used in watt-hour meters by
electric utilities to measure home power consumption. Magnetic bearings are also used in high-
precision instruments and to support equipment in a vacuum, for example in flywheel energy
storage systems. A flywheel in a vacuum has very low windage losses, but conventional bearings
usually fail quickly in a vacuum due to poor lubrication. Magnetic bearings are also used to
support maglev trains in order to get low noise and smooth ride by eliminating physical contact
surfaces. Disadvantages include high cost, and relatively large size.
 A new application of magnetic bearings is their use in artificial hearts. The use of magnetic
suspension in ventricular assist devices was pioneered by Prof. Paul Allaire and Prof. Houston
Wood at the University of Virginia culminating in the first magnetically suspended ventricular
assist centrifugal pump (VAD) in 1999.
CONCLUSION
• Further research appears to be indicated in developing insight and outlook at the boundaries of
the field of magnetic bearings. A systematic comparison of AMB performance with that of
classical bearings needs consistent data. The joint operation of a magnetic bearing with a roller
bearing under emergency situations, in load sharing or in touch down contacts, needs further
experiments and design efforts.
• The advanced information processing within the bearing system, extending the smartness of the
rotating machinery will be a promising research area.
REFERENCES
 “Application and Research Topics for Active Magnetic Bearings”; Gerhard Schweitzer;
Switzerland; www.mcgs.ch
 “Magnetic Bearings”; Jeffrey Hillyard; Joint Advanced Student School, April 2006 –St Petersburg,
Russia.
 “Active magnetic bearings for machining applications” Carl R. Knospe, Department of Mechanical
& Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;

 “Design and control of active magnetic bearing system with Lorentz force-type axial actuator”; Ha-
Yong Kim a, Chong-Won Lee b.

. Magnetic bearings — a new world opens for design engineers.
THANK YOU

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V.

“ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARINGS”

 CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES.

 It is a mechatronic product which involves different fields of engineering such as

electromagnets, position sensors and the rotor.

 Tolerable against heat, cold, vacuum, chemicals

 Capacity to operate within a wide temperature range

 Environmentally friendly workplace

 Very high rotational speeds

& Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;

Yong Kim a, Chong-Won Lee b.

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