MAHATMA
GANDHI
CHILDHOOD
• The coast of Kathiawad in western India,
Mohandas Gandhi was born on October 2,
1869. His parents were Karamchand
Gandhi and Putlibai. He was small and
dark, and looked no different from the
millions of other children born in India. Yet
this was no ordinary child. He was to fight
and overcome a great empire and, without
taking to arms, set his country free. He was
to be called the Mahatma, the Great Soul.
Having led his people to freedom, he was
to lay down his life for their sake.
He studied at the elementary school in
Porbandar till the age of seven and later at
Rajkot. He was married to Kasturba at the
age of thirteen while still in high school.
He matriculated from Samladas College in
Bhavnager, Gujarat and went to England in
1888 to study law. Though his mother
opposed this trip, but the opposition was
overcome by Gandhi's strict vow of not
touching women, wine and meat in the
foreign land. He passed his examination in
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
• India's independence movement
from Great Britain was dominated
by the Indian National Congress,
which was formed in 1885. It
subsequently formed most of
India’s governments from the time
of independence and often had a
strong presence in many state
governments.In the 1920s and ’30s
the Congress Party, led by
Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi,
began advocating nonviolent
The new change in tactics was precipitated by the
protest over the perceived feebleness of the
constitutional reforms enacted in early 1919
(Rowlatt Acts) and Britain’s manner of carrying
them out, as well as by the widespread outrage
among Indians in response to the massacre of
civilians in Amritsar (Punjab) that April. Many of
the acts of civil disobedience that followed were
implemented through the All India Congress
Committee, formed in 1929, which advocated
avoiding taxes as a protest against British rule.
Notable in that regard was the Salt March in 1930
led by Gandhi.When World War II began in 1939,
• That action angered Indian officials and prompted the
Congress Party to declare that India would not support the
war effort until it had been granted complete independence.
In 1942 the organization sponsored mass civil disobedience
to support the demand that the British “quit India.” British
authorities responded by imprisoning the entire Congress
Party leadership, including Gandhi, and many remained in
jail until 1945. After the war, the British government of
Clement Attlee passed an independence bill in July 1947, and
independence was achieved the following month. In January
1950 India’s constitution as an independent state took effect.
satyagraha
• Mahatma Gandhi introduced the term Satyagraha (Sanskrit
and Hindi: "holding on to the truth") to describe nonviolent
resistance to evil in the early 20th century. In the Indian
struggle against British imperialism, Gandhi's satyagraha
became a key tool. It has since been adopted by protest
movements around the world.Those who practice satyagraha
gain insight into the true nature of an evil situation by
observing nonviolence of the mind, seeking truth with love
and peace, and enduring rigorous self-examination.
Satyagrahi encounters are therefore absolute truth. The
satyagrahi asserts that truth by refusing to cooperate with the
wrong. A satyagrahi must adhere to nonviolence throughout
• During the British colonial rule of the Transvaal in
South Africa, Gandhi began satyagraha in 1906 in
response to a discriminatory law that was passed that
was directed against Asians.India's first satyagraha
campaign took place in the indigo-growing district of
Champaran in 1917. Until the British left India in
1947, fasting and economic boycotts were employed
as methods of satyagraha in India.Gandhi sought to
obtain equal rights and freedom for South Asians
through satyagraha campaigns via such actions as the
noncooperation movement campaign, the Salt March,
and the Quit India campaign.
.Some critics of satyagraha have argued
that it cannot succeed universally since it
relies on a high level of ethical conduct on
behalf of the opponent, who represents
evil and demands unrealistically high
levels of commitment from those working
for social justice. Satyagraha nonetheless
contributed significantly to the civil rights
movement led by Martin Luther King, Jr.,
in the United States and has left an
MOVEMENTS
• After returning to India permanently, he began his
struggle for Independence after joining the Indian
National Congress. He got acquainted with the issues
in India, politics and the problems faced by the Indian
people. Soon, he became a prominent leader of the
Congress. To attain Independence for the country,
Gandhi initiated several movements which helped him
achieve his goals.
Non-Cooperation Movement
• Gandhi launched his weapons of "non-
cooperation", "non-violence" and "peace" during
his struggle against the British Raj. The
movement emerged as an outcry over the
Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar. Gandhi
induced the British government to grant Swaraj
or self government under this movement.
Civil Disobedience Movement
• The Civil Disobedience Movement brought a
milestone in the history of struggle for Indian
Independence. It was formed with an ideology to
defy the rules and laws of the British government.
It was launched in the year 1930 and the main
factor after its formation was the Simon
Commission which included only the British
members.
Dandi March
• Dandi March, another important movement in the
struggle for India's Independence began on 12 March
1930. The Dandi Salt March triggered the Civil
Disobedience Movement and proved to be a direct
challenge to the British government. The March began
from Sabarmati Ashram to the Dandi village, Navsari
town. Mahatma Gandhi produced salt in Dandi without
paying taxes to the British government. He was supported
by millions of Indians in his campaign.
Quit India movement
• Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in August
1942. The movement demanded immediate end to the
British rule. The Congress party initiated the mass
struggle on the lines of non-violence. Gandhi gave a
slogan 'Do or Die' during this campaign and every
Indian started dreaming of a free India after this
movement.India shortly earned freedom in 1947.
New Zealand
•The 1981 south African rugby tour (known in New Zealand as
the springbok tour, and in South Africa as the rebel tour) polarised
opinions and inspired widespread protests across new Zealand. the
controversy also extended to the united states, where the South African
rugby team continued their tour after departing New Zealand.
apartheid had made South Africa an international pariah, and other
countries were strongly discouraged from having sporting contacts with
it. rugby union was (and is) an extremely popular sport in New Zealand,
and the South African team known as the springboks were considered to be
New Zealand’s most formidable opponents therefore, there was a major
split in opinion in new Zealand as to whether politics should influence
sport in this way and whether the springboks should be allowed to tour.
•
•
Despite the controversy, the new zealand rugby
union decided to proceed with the tour. the government of
prime minister robert muldoon was called on to ban it, but
decided that commitments under the gleneagles
agreement did not require the government to prevent the
tour, and decided not to interfere due to their public
position of "no politics in sport". major protests ensued,
aiming to make clear many new zealanders' opposition to
apartheid and, if possible, to stop the matches taking
place. this was successful at two games, but also had the
effect of creating a law and order issue: whether a group
of protesters could be allowed to prevent a lawful game
taking place.
• The dispute was similar to that involving peter hain in the united
kingdom in the early 1970s, when hain's stop the tour campaign
clashed with the more conservative 'freedom under law' movement
championed by barrister francis bennion. the allegedly excessive
police response to the protests also became a focus of controversy.
although the protests were among the most intense in new zealand's
recent history, no deaths or serious injuries resulted.After the tour, no
official sporting contact took place between new zealand and south
africa until the early 1990s, after apartheid had been abolished. the
tour has been said to have led to a decline in the popularity of rugby
union in new zealand, until the 1987 rugby world cup.
Aftermath
• The muldoon government was re-elected in the 1981 election losing
three seats to leave it with a majority of one. The nzru constitution
contained much high-minded wording about promoting the image of
rugby and new zealand, and generally being a benefit to society. in
1985 the nzru proposed an all black tour of south africa. two lawyers
successfully sued it, claiming such a tour would breach its
constitution. a high court injunction by justice casey stopped the
tour. the all blacks did not tour south africa until after the fall of
the apartheid régime (1990–1994), although after the 1985 tour was
cancelled an unofficial tour took place in 1986 by a team that included
28 out of the 30 all blacks selected for the 1985 tour, known as
the new zealand cavaliers but often advertised in south africa as the all
blacks or depicted with the silver fern The role of the police also
became more controversial as a result of the tour. The all black won
the 1987 rugby world cup and rugby union was once again the
Achievements
He fought against racial discrimination in south Africa
His satyagraha campaign in south Africa led to the 1914 Indian relief act
Mahatma Gandhi won his first battle of civil disobedience in India at champaran
I: he successfully led a non-violent tax revolt in Kheda
He led the popular non-cooperation movement in early 1920s
Mahatma Gandhi led the famous salt march to Dandi
He launched the quit India movement in 1942 demanding end of British rule
Mahatma Gandhi was the leading figure responsible for India achieving independence
He fought against social evils in society like untouchability
Gandhi was runner up to Einstein in time’s person of the century
Awards
•1. Time magazine named Gandhi the Man of the Year in 1930.
•2. time magazine's 1999 list of The Most Important People of the Century, Gandhi was
second only to Albert Einstein, who had called Gandhi "the greatest man of our age"
•3. the University of Nagpur awarded him an LL.D. in 1937.
•4.The Government of India awarded the annual Gandhi Peace Prize to distinguished
social workers, world leaders and citizens.
•5.Time named Gandhi as one of the top 25 political icons of all time.
•6.Gandhi did not receive the Nobel Peace Prize, although he was nominated five times
between 1937 and 1948, including the first-ever nomination by the American Friends
Service Committee
•
LITERARY CONTRIBUTION BY MAHATMA
GANDHI
•Literary Works of Gandhi:
•Young India was a weekly paper or journal in English
started by Mahatma
• Gandhi. It was published from 1919 to 1931.
•Navajivan (a new life) was a weekly newspaper
published by Gandhi,
••Hind
in Gujarati,
Swarajyafrom 1919
(1909) to 1931, from Ahmedabad.
•Indian Home Rule (1910)
•Sermon
Swaraj) on the Sea (1924 – the American edition of Hind
•Dakshina
South Africana
Africa Satyagrahano Itihasa / Satyagraha in
(1924-25)
•Satyana
The StoryPrayogo
of My Athava Atmakatha / An Autobiography:
• India’s Case for Swaraj (1931) • From Yeravda Mandir:
Ashram
• Songs from Prison: Translations • Observances (1945)
of
Indian Lyrics Made in Jail • Conquest of Self (1946)
(1934)
• Women and Social Injustice
• The Indian States’ Problem (1947)
(1941)
• Self-restraint v. Self-
• The Good life (1943) Indulgence
• (1947)
• Gandhi Against Fascism (1944)
• Gandhigrams (1947).
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
• Dr. King was one of the many leaders who have been inspired by
Mahatma Gandhi. He became the front figure in the fight for equality and
civil rights for the black people of the southern states in the USA. The
segregation and open racism which prevailed in the south was ruled
unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1954, a verdict that inspired
many activists to take up the fight against racism and segregation. King
grew up in Atlanta, Georgia, , the son of a Baptist minister , and had
experienced discrimination and racism at first hand.King received a
doctorate degree in theology and in 1955 helped organize the first major
protest of the African American civil rights movement. He preached non-
violent resistance even when faced with brutal opposition.
In the early sixties, many Blacks, including Dr. King,
were impatient with the speed of desegregation. Dr. King
led nearly 250,000 people in a peaceful protest march on
Washington D.C. in 1963 where he gave his famous "I
Have a Dream" speech. Gradually, his work and efforts
produced results, and he was awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1964. Despite this prestigious recognition, racist
attitudes of many white people in the south were hard to
deal with and in 1968 he was assassinated outside his
hotel in Memphis. During the fight for equal rights,
protest marches were often met with brutal force by the
police and many of King's co-activists were also killed.
However, the struggle was won little by little, and one of
Webliography
• https://www.iasexpress.net/ie-pedia/mahatma-gandhi/#:~:text=1919%
3A,for%20self%2Dgovernment%20or%20Swaraj
.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#Awards
• https://learnodo-newtonic.com/gandhi-achievements
TEAM MEMBERS
• 43. SHUBHANSHI TIWARI
• 44. SIDDHANT SHEVKAR
• 45.SMRITI KHUNTIA
• 46.SRITA CHATERJEE
• 47.SWANANDI DESHMUKH
