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DC Motor

This document discusses DC motors. It begins by explaining that a DC motor converts electrical energy to mechanical rotation through magnetic fields generated by electrical currents. It then describes how connecting a DC motor to a voltage source causes it to rotate in one direction, while reversing polarity causes rotation in the opposite direction. The document also discusses interfacing a DC motor with an FPGA development kit by controlling motor speed through PWM signals and direction through additional inputs. It provides code to implement this control and configure pin locations.

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Rakesh S
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112 views12 pages

DC Motor

This document discusses DC motors. It begins by explaining that a DC motor converts electrical energy to mechanical rotation through magnetic fields generated by electrical currents. It then describes how connecting a DC motor to a voltage source causes it to rotate in one direction, while reversing polarity causes rotation in the opposite direction. The document also discusses interfacing a DC motor with an FPGA development kit by controlling motor speed through PWM signals and direction through additional inputs. It provides code to implement this control and configure pin locations.

Uploaded by

Rakesh S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

 A direct current (DC) motor is a type of electric


machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
 DC motors take electrical power through direct
current, and convert this energy into mechanical
rotation.
 DC motors use magnetic fields that occur from
the electrical currents generated, which powers
the movement of a rotor fixed within the output
shaft.
 The output torque and speed depends upon both
the electrical input and the design of the motor.
DC MOTOR
 A direct current (DC) motor is another widely used device that
translates electrical pulses into mechanical movement. In the DC
motor we have only + and – leads.
 Connecting them to a DC voltage source moves the motor in one
direction. By reversing the polarity, the DC motor will move in the
opposite direction.
 One can easily experiment with the DC motor. For example, small
fans used in many motherboards to cool the CPU are run by DC
motors.
 By connecting their leads to the + and – voltage source, the DC motor
moves. While a stepper motor moves in steps of 1 to 15 degrees, the
DC motor moves continuously.
 In a stepper motor, if we know the starting position we can easily
count the number of steps the motor has moved and calculate the final
position. its not possible in a DC motor.
INTRFACING

 The FPGA Development Kit has external DC


motor interfacing, indicated as in Figure.

 5V DC Motor speed has controlled through


PWM signal.

 Motor can run both clockwise/counter


clockwise.

 Motor speed controlled by varying ENA


(duty cycle)signal through program.
FPGA
 FPGA contains a two dimensional arrays of logic blocks
and interconnections between logic blocks. both the logic
blocks and interconnects are programmable.
 Logic blocks are programmed to implement a desired
function and the interconnects are programmed using the
switch boxes to connect the logic blocks.
 To implement a complex design (CPU for instance),the
design is divided into small sub functions.
 Each sub function is implemented using one logic block.
 All the sub functions implemented in logic blocks must be
connected and this is done by programming the
interconnects.
DC MOTOR PROGRAM
module motor1(clk,rst,dir,row, mtr1,mtr2,en); assign clkd=div[8];
input clk,rst; assign tick=row[0]&row[1]&row[2]&row[3];
input dir; assign en=1'b1;
input [3:0]row; always@(posedge clkd)
output reg mtr1; begin
output reg mtr2; counter=counter+1;
output en; end
reg [25:0]div; always@ (negedge tick)
wire clkd,tick; begin
reg [7:0]counter; case(row)
reg [7:0]dutycycle; 4'b1110:dutycycle<=250;
4'b1101:dutycycle<=190;
//code for speed control 4'b1011:dutycycle<=100;
always @(posedge clk) 4'b0111:dutycycle<=40;
begin endcase
div=div+1; end
end
DC MOTOR PROGRAM
//code for direction control mtr1<=0;
always@(rst,dir) end
begin else
if(rst==0) begin
begin mtr1<=0;
mtr1<=0; if(counter<=dutycycle)
mtr2<=0; mtr2<=1;
end else
else mtr2<=0;
if(dir==0) end
begin end
mtr2<=0; endmodule
if(counter<=dutycycle)
mtr1<=1;
else
PIN CONFIGURATION

NET "clk" LOC = "p52" ;


NET “dir” LOC = ”P76”;
NET “en” LOC = ”P4”;
NET “mtr1” LOC = ”P141”;
NET “mtr2” LOC = ”P5”;
NET “row<0>” LOC = ”P69”;
NET “row<1>” LOC = ”P63”;  From FRC9 of FPGA to DC Motor.
NET “row<2>” LOC = ”P59”;  From FRC7 of FPGA to DC motor
NET “row<2>” LOC = ”P57”; connector in the interfacing kit
NET “rst” LOC = ”P74”;
ADVANTAGES

 DC motors are smaller in size.

 These motors operate on DC supply then they can be used in electronics devices.

 DC motors are suitable for traction systems for driving heavy loads.

 DC series motors have will high starting torque and wide range of speed control.

 DC Shunt motors are best suited for armature control and field control.

 DC motors have quick starting, stopping, reversing, and fast acceleration.


DISADVANTAGES
 DC motors have a high initial cost.

 Maintenance cost is high and increased operation due to the presence of brushes
and commutator.

 Due to sparking at brush DC motors cannot operate in explosive and hazardous


conditions.

 As the speed increases, the shaft gets vibrated and the armature gets damaged.

 We need converters to supply power to the motor.


APPLICATIONS
 Series motors are used in traction systems, cranes, air compressors, vacuum compressors,
sewing machines, etc.

 Shunt motors are used in blowers, weaving machines, spinning machines, lifts.

 The permanent magnet DC motor is a permanent magnet used to create the required
magnetic field.

 It used in Washer, Windshield wiper, Automobiles as a starter motor, Toys and air
conditioners.

 The cumulative compound is used in Presses, Electric shovels, Conveyors, Rolling mills.
REFERENCES

 WWW.CIRCUITGLOBE.COM

 WWW.ELECTRICARTICLE.COM

 WWW.ELECTRICAL4U.COM

 WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM

 WWW.ELECTRONICSHUB.COM
THANK YOU

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