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Iterative Statements: The While Statement Other Repetition Statements

Repetition statements allow code to execute multiple times. The three repetition statements in Java are the while loop, do-while loop, and for loop. The while loop checks the condition before each iteration. The do-while loop checks the condition after each iteration, ensuring the code runs at least once. The for loop allows initialization, condition checking, and incrementing to all occur within the header. break exits the current loop, while continue skips to the next iteration.

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39 views25 pages

Iterative Statements: The While Statement Other Repetition Statements

Repetition statements allow code to execute multiple times. The three repetition statements in Java are the while loop, do-while loop, and for loop. The while loop checks the condition before each iteration. The do-while loop checks the condition after each iteration, ensuring the code runs at least once. The for loop allows initialization, condition checking, and incrementing to all occur within the header. break exits the current loop, while continue skips to the next iteration.

Uploaded by

45Bhupendra Lute
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Iterative Statements

The while Statement


Other Repetition Statements
Repetition Statements
• Repetition statements allow us to execute a
statement multiple times
• Often they are referred to as loops
• Like conditional statements, they are controlled by
boolean expressions
• Java has three kinds of repetition statements:
 the while loop
 the do loop
 the for loop
The while Statement
• A while statement has the following syntax:

while ( condition ){
statement;
}
• If the condition is true, the statement is
executed

• Then the condition is evaluated again, and if it is


still true, the statement is executed again

• The statement is executed repeatedly until the


condition becomes false
Logic of a while Loop

condition
evaluated

true false

statement
The while Statement
• An example of a while statement:

int count = 1;
while (count <= 5){
System.out.println (count);
count++;
}

• If the condition of a while loop is false initially,


the statement is never executed
• Therefore, the body of a while loop will execute
zero or more times
Infinite Loops
• The body of a while loop eventually must make
the condition false.

• If not, it is called an infinite loop, which will


execute until the user interrupts the program

• This is a common logical (semantic) error

• You should always double check the logic of a


program to ensure that your loops will terminate
normally
Infinite Loops
• An example of an infinite loop:

int count = 1;
while (count <= 25){
System.out.println (count);
count = count - 1;
}
• This loop will continue executing until interrupted
(Control-C) or until an underflow error occurs
Nested Loops
• Similar to nested if statements, loops can be
nested as well

• That is, the body of a loop can contain another


loop

• For each iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop


iterates completely

• Your second course project involves a while loop


nested inside of a for loop
Nested Loops
• How many times will the string "Here" be printed?

count1 = 1;
while (count1 <= 10){
count2 = 1;
while (count2 <= 20) {
System.out.println ("Here");
count2++;
}
count1++;
} 10 * 20 = 200
The do-while Statement
• A do-while statement (also called a do loop) has
the following syntax:
do{
statement;
}while ( condition )

• The statement is executed once initially, and then


the condition is evaluated

• The statement is executed repeatedly until the


condition becomes false
Logic of a do-while Loop

statement

true

condition
evaluated

false
The do Statement
• An example of a do loop:

int count = 0;
do{
count++;
System.out.println (count);
} while (count < 5);

• The body of a do loop executes at least once


Comparing while and do
The while Loop The do Loop

statement
condition
evaluated
true

condition
true false
evaluated

statement
false
The for Statement
• A for statement has the following syntax:

The initialization The statement is


is executed once executed until the
before the loop begins condition becomes false

for ( initialization ; condition ; increment ){


statement;
}

The increment portion is executed at


the end of each iteration
Logic of a for loop

initialization

condition
evaluated

true false

statement

increment
The for Statement
• A for loop is functionally equivalent to the
following while loop structure:

initialization;
while ( condition ){
statement;
increment;
}
The for Statement
• An example of a for loop:

for (int count=1; count <= 5; count++){


System.out.println (count);
}

• The initialization section can be used to declare a


variable

• Like a while loop, the condition of a for loop is


tested prior to executing the loop body

• Therefore, the body of a for loop will execute zero


or more times
The for Statement
• The increment section can perform any calculation
for (int num=100; num > 0; num -= 5){
System.out.println (num);
}

• A for loop is well suited for executing statements


a specific number of times that can be calculated
or determined in advance
The for Statement
• Each expression in the header of a for loop is
optional

• If the initialization is left out, no initialization is


performed

• If the condition is left out, it is always considered to


be true, and therefore creates an infinite loop
 We usually call this a “forever loop”

• If the increment is left out, no increment operation


is performed
Jumps in statement
• Statements or loops perform a set of operations
continually until the control variable will not satisfy the
condition.
• But if we want to break the loop when condition will
satisfied then Java give a permission to jump from one
statement to end of loop or beginning of loop as well as
jump out of a loop.

• “break” keyword is used for exiting from loop and


“continue” keyword is used for continuing the loop.
Following statements shows the exiting from loop by
using “break” statement.
do-while loop:
do
{
………………
If (condition)
{
break; //exit from if and do-while loop
}
……………..
} While(condition);
 
For loop:
for (…………)
{
…………..
if (…………..)
break; //exit from if loop and for loop
……………
}
• Following statements shows the continuing the loop by
using “continue” statement.
• do-while loop:
do
{
………………
if(condition)
{
continue;//continue the do-while loop
}
……………..
} While(condition);
………..
• For loop:
For (…………)
{
……………
if(…………..)
continue ;// continue the for loop
……………
}
……………
break
• Remember the break keyword is used to stop a
switch statement from executing more than one
statement?
• break can also be used to exit an infinite loop

• But it is almost always best to use a well-written


while loop

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