Measures of Variation:

Range Variance and

Standard Deviation
Group 6
Introduction
Variation is a way to show how
data is dispersed, or spread
out. Several measures of
variation are used in statistics.
 Measures of
Variation: Range
Variance
Definition and Examples
 Example 01 Lengths (ft)
Find and interpret the range in length of 18.5 8
Burmese pythons.
11 10
First, it needs to be organized with an increasing order.
18.5
14 15.5
55, 6.25, 8, 10, 11, 12.5, 14, 15.5, 16.25, 18. 5 12.5 6.25
18.5 is the greatest value 16.25 5
Meanwhile, 5 is the least value.

Range = difference between the greatest value and the least value.
Range is one of
the ways to know So it will be 18.5 minus 5, that results with 13. 5.
how spread out a
certain data is. So the range is 13.5
 Example 02
Let’s make it simpler, find the range with
the given set below.
3, 8, 10, 3, 2, 5, 7, 9, 9 Again, let’s
arrange it with
an increasing
Result: 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10
order.
Highest value is 10
And the lowest value is 2

So, 10 – 2 = 8

Therefore, 8 is our range.

leon

Example 03 What is an
interquartile range?
Find the interquartile range of the following data As the word depicts,
set. quartile divides the data
set in 4 equal groups.
Lower half Upper half

18, 21, 22, 24, 28, 30, 31, 32, 36, 37

1. Find the median. Medians mean middle. And because, there are two numbers, 28 and
30. The median is obviously 29.
2. The 5 digits before the median are considered as the lower half. And the lower half
have the 1st quartile or lower quartile, 22, since it is the number in the middle.
3. Meanwhile, the 5 digits after the median are considered as the upper half. And this
upper half have the 3rd quartile or upper quartile, 32.
4. To find the interquartile range or IQR, we must find the difference between the 1 st
quartile from the 3rd quartile. So 32 minus 22 is 10. There it is, the interquartile range
is 10.
 leon

Example 04
Find and interpret the interquartile range of the
data.

1st quartile = 235 3rd quartile = 255

220, 230, 230, 240, 240, 245, 250, 250, 250, 260, 260, 270
Median = 247.5

Find the median. The median is found between 245 and 250 so it IQR = 255 – 235
will be 247.5 = 20
he lower or first quartile is found between 230 and 240 so it will be 235.
Meanwhile, the upper or third quartile is found between 250 and 260 so it will be 255.
And to find the interquartile range, 255 minus 235 will be 20. That’s it, the interquartile range is 20.
robert
Outliers is same as checking.
Example 05
Check for outliers from Example 03.
IQR = 20
1st quartile = 235 3rd quartile = 255

220, 230, 230, 240, 240, 245, 250, 250, 250, 260, 260, 270
Median = 247.5
The formula that will be used to check outliers is: = Q1 – 1.5 (IQR) There is no data
1st Quartile (Q1) – 1.5 (IQR) = 235 – 1.5 (20) value lower than 205
If your graph shows a number lower than the in the graph and
= 235 – 30
outcome, then there are outliers. higher than 285.
= 205
And = Q3 + 1.5 (IQR)
3rd quartile (Q3) + 1.5 (IQR) So the graph = 255 + 1.5 (20)
If your graph shows a number higher than the consists no
= 255 + 30
outcome, then there are outliers. outliers.
= 285
ken

Measures of
Variation: Standard
Deviation
Definition and Examples
ken

Sample Standard
Deviation
The standard deviation is a statistic that
measures the dispersion of a dataset
relative to its mean and is calculated as
the square root of the variance.
pananganan

Sample Standard Deviation The n that can be seen

below in the formula in
Calculate the standard deviation of the following finding the mean
set of numbers: defines the number of
value seen in the set of
82, 93, 98, 89, and 88 numbers.
First, calculate the mean.

sum 82 + 93 + 98 + 89 + 88 450
Mean = = = = 90
n 5 5
Now, for the standard deviation. Sample mean
The formula that will be used is…
pananganan

Sample Standard Deviation

(82-90) 2 + (93-90)2 + (98-90) 2 + (89-90) 2 + (88-90) 2

=
√  5–1
(-8) 2 + (3)2 + (8) 2 + (-1) 2 + (-2) 2 64 + 9 + 64 + 1 + 4
=
√ 4
=
√ 4

142
=
√ 4
=
√ 35.5 = 5.958
 Sample Standard Deviation
Let’s make it easier with a certain technique Find the standard deviation
that’ll probably make you understand more. of scores 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

6 8 -2 4
7 8 -1 1
8 8 0 0
9 8 1 1
10 8 2 4
Total = 40 Total = 10 Variance = 10/5 = 2
Standard Deviation: √2 = 1.41
Mean = 40/5 = 8
ken

Population Standard
Deviation
Population standard deviation looks at the square
root of the variance of the set of numbers. It's
used to determine a confidence interval for
drawing conclusions (such as accepting or
rejecting a hypothesis).
ken
Population Standard
Deviation
There are different ways to write out the steps of the population
standard deviation calculation into an equation. A common
equation is:

σ = ([Σ(x - u)2]/N)1/2

Where:
σ is the population standard deviation
Σ represents the sum or total from 1 to N
x is an individual value
u is the average of the population
N is the total number of the population
manocdoc
σ = ([Σ(x - u)2]/N)1/2
Population Standard
Deviation
Example Problem
You grow 20 crystals from a solution and measure the length of each crystal
in millimeters. Here is your data:
9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
Calculate the population standard deviation of the length of the crystals.

First Step. Calculate the mean of the data. Add up all the numbers and divide
by the total number of data points.
9+2+5+4+12+7+8+11+9+3+7+4+12+5+4+10+9+6+9+4 140
= = 7
20 20

So the mean is 7
manocdoc

Population Standard
Deviation
σ = ([Σ(x - u)2]/N)1/2
Second step. Subtract the mean from each data point (or the other
way around, if you prefer, you will be squaring this number, so it does
not matter if it is positive or negative).
(9 - 7)2 = (2)2 = 4 (7 - 7)2 = (0)2 = 0
(2 - 7)2 = (-5)2 = 25 (4 - 7)2 = (-3)2 = 9
(5 - 7)2 = (-2)2 = 4 (12 - 7)2 = (5)2 = 25
(4 - 7)2 = (-3)2 = 9 (5 - 7)2 = (-2)2 = 4
(12 - 7)2 = (5)2 = 25 (4 - 7)2 = (-3)2 = 9
(7 - 7)2 = (0)2 = 0 (10 - 7)2 = (3)2 = 9
(8 - 7)2 = (1)2 = 1 (9 - 7)2 = (2)2 = 4
(11 - 7)2 = (4)22 = 16 (6 - 7)2 = (-1)2 = 1
(9 - 7)2 = (2)2 = 4 (9 - 7)2 = (2)2 = 4
(3 - 7)2 = (-4)22 = 16 (4 - 7)2 = (-3)22 = 9
manocdoc
Population Standard
Deviation
σ = ([Σ(x - u)2]/N)1/2

Third Step. Calculate the mean of the squared

differences.

4+25+4+9+25+0+1+16+4+16+0+9+25+4+9+9+4+1+4+9 178
= = 8.9
20 20

The variance is 8.9

manocdoc

Population Standard
Deviation
σ = ([Σ(x - u)2]/N)1/2

Lastly. The population standard deviation

is the square root of the variance.

Use a calculator to obtain this number.

(8.9)1/2 = 2.983

The population standard deviation is 2.983

robert

“The population standard deviation is a

parameter, which is a fixed value calculated
from every individual in the population. A
sample standard deviation is a statistic. This
means that it is calculated from only some of
the individuals in a population.”
 Quiz
Let’s apply what we’ve
learned earlier with the
questions provided by
the reporters, goodluck!
 Quiz
1. Find and interpret the range of
the following set of numbers:
3, 5, 9, 12, 17, 18, 20

2. With the example of number

one (1), what is the median?
 Quiz
The ages of people in line for a
roller coaster are 15, 17, 21, 32,
41,30, 25, 52, 16, 39, 11, and 24.

3. Find the range.

4. Find the interquartile range.

5. Define the median?

6. Define the first quartile?

7. The third quartile?

 Quiz
8. In the data set 9, 6, 8,5, 7, find
the sample standard deviation.

9. Find the population standard

deviation from the following data
set: 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9.

10. Define the mean in number

nine (9).