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Microprocessor Based Alternator Synchronizer

This document describes a microprocessor-based alternator synchronizer. It begins with an introduction that explains the need to synchronize alternators when connecting them in parallel. It then provides details on existing synchronization methods using incandescent lamps and synchroscopes. The document outlines the objective of synchronization and conditions that must be met. It presents the block diagram and hardware details of the microprocessor-based synchronizer and describes how it controls frequency and voltage to synchronize the alternator. In conclusion, it states that this approach is more effective than conventional methods and easier to use.

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318 views17 pages

Microprocessor Based Alternator Synchronizer

This document describes a microprocessor-based alternator synchronizer. It begins with an introduction that explains the need to synchronize alternators when connecting them in parallel. It then provides details on existing synchronization methods using incandescent lamps and synchroscopes. The document outlines the objective of synchronization and conditions that must be met. It presents the block diagram and hardware details of the microprocessor-based synchronizer and describes how it controls frequency and voltage to synchronize the alternator. In conclusion, it states that this approach is more effective than conventional methods and easier to use.

Uploaded by

Penguin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microprocessor Based Alternator Synchronizer

Under the Guidance


M V G V Prasad
(Prof., Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering)

Presented by
Atul Manohar Suren
18L31A02K5

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 5/26/22


CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Synchronization of Alternator
• Existing methods of Synchronization
• Block diagram
• Hardware details
• Frequency control
• Voltage control
• Conclusion
• References
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INTRODUCTION
• It is well known that electrical load on a power system or an
industrial establishment, is never constant but it varies.
• To meet the requirement of variable load, economically and
also for assuring continuity of supply the number of
generating units connected to a system busbar are varied
suitably.
• The connection of an incoming alternator to system bus, i.e;
synchronization requires fulfillment of the condition like the
same phase sequence equality of voltages and frequency
between the incoming machine and frequency between the in
coming machine and busbar.

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OBJECTIVE
• The purpose of synchronisation is to increase the capacity of
the interconnected system.
• The need for synchronization arises when two or more
alternators work together to supply the power to the load.

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SYNCHRONIZATION OF ALTERNATOR
Synchronization of alternator means connecting an alternator
into grid in parellel with many other Alternators.

These are the four conditions which must be satisfied for


Synchronization of Alternator

• Equal Voltage
• Same frequency
• Similar phase sequence
• Similar phase angle

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Existing methods of Synchronization
• The first condition of voltage equality can be satisfied by a
voltmeter.
• To satisfy the conditions of equal frequency and identical
phases, one of the following two methods can be used:
(i) Synchronization using incandescent lamp
(ii) Synchronization using synchroscope.

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Synchronization Of Alternator Using Incandescent Lamp
• It is useful in finding whether the alternator frequency is
lower or higher than the bus bar frequency.

• Drawbacks
• Synchronization by using incandescent lamps depends on the
correct judgement of the operator.
• This method does not tell how slow or fast the machine is.
• To use this method for high voltage alternators, extra step
down transformers need to be added as ratings of lamps are
normally low.

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Synchronization of Alternator using Synchroscope
• A Synchroscope is a device which shows the correct instant of
closing the Synchronizing switch.
• Synchroscope has a pointer which rotates on the dial.
• The pointer rotates anticlockwise if the machine is running
slower or it rotates clockwise if the machine is running fast.
• The correct instant of closing syncronizing switch is when the
pointer is straight upwards.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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HARDWARE DETAILS
The hardware has been designed to fulfill all the requirements of the synchronizing process.

A microprocessor trainer kit is used as a controller for the setup.


Auto synchronizer setup consist of
• Frequency control unit
• Voltage control unit
• Potential transformer unit
• Signal conditioning card
• Display card
• Circuit breaker with the switching circuit.
• Three phase, star connected, 400V, 5A, 5KVA, 50Hz, 1500rpm. Excitation: 200V dc, 2A.
• Prime mover DC Shunt Motor: 220V, 15A, 1500rpm. Excitation: 200V, 2A.

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FREQUENCY CONTROL
• When the difference is less than the allowed difference , then
FL is displayed.
• When the difference is greaterthan allowed difference either
FH is displayed to indicate Low or High frequency of alternator
respectiely.
• The stepper motor is rotated in appropriate direction to bring
the rated frequency.

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VOLTAGE CONTROL

• When the difference is less than the allowed difference , then


VL is displayed.
• When the difference is greaterthan allowed difference either
VH is displayed to indicate Low or High voltage of alternator
respectively.
• The stepper motor is rotated in appropriate direction to bring
the rated voltage.

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CONCLUSION

• The microprocessor based system of automatic synchronizer


can be used more effectively compared to conventional
methods of synchronization such as synchronizing lamp
method and synchronization using sychroscope.
• This because of the fact that the conventional, method calls for
of the operator and accuracy is less and it depends on the sense
of correct judgment of the operator. 
• Moreover the microprocessor based alternator synchronizer is
user friendly and requires less maintenance

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REFERENCES
• B. L. Theraja, “A Textbook of Electrical Technology” vol. 1,
chapter 35, pp. 1492-1497, Oct. 2005
• L. Huber, Microprocessor based Alternator Synchronizer,”
IEEE Trans. Electrical Machines., vol.25, no.1,pp. 85-64, Jan.
2010.
• H. Endo, T. Yamashita, “Synchronizing Generators,” in Proc.
IEEE computer application, Jun.1999, pp. 171-176
• Ramesh S Gaonkar, “Microprocessor architecture,
Programming and application”, vol. 4, no.8, pp. 321-329, Oct.

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THANK YOU

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