Century Literat

WELCOME
BACK!
abm 12
humss 12
MARIA CECILIA LORISTO
 Writing a Close Analysis and
Critical Interpretation of Literary
Texts applying a Reading
Approach
 21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World Module aims to
engage students in appreciation and
critical study of 21st Century Literature
from the Philippines and the World,
encompassing their various dimensions,
genres, elements, structures, contexts, and
traditions.
Reading Approach
Teachers use reading approach as one of the methods
in teaching English. This approach is one way of solving
student’s reading problems. Students are demanded to
read more to improve their knowledge and get new ideas.
Inferencing, guessing and predicting are important skills
developed in reading. By reading, students will know
about the different of culture by reading across cultural
understanding, and they will learn how to pronounce the
words correctly. In reading approach, students are
expected to improve their English skills.
Skimming
In skimming, the main idea of a text is quickly identified. The goal
is to read shorter texts to extract accurate detailed information.
Skimming is done at speed three to four times faster than regular
reading. People often skim when they have lots of material to read
in a limited amount of time. Some students will read the first and
last paragraphs using headings, summarizes and other organizers
as they move down the page or screen. Some might also read the
title, subtitles, subheadings, and illustrations. Other people
consider reading the first sentence of each paragraph. Skimming
works well to find dates, names, and places. It might be used to
review graphs, tables, and charts. This technique is useful when
you are seeking specific information rather than reading for
Why skim?
You need the “big picture” or main points when you’re
reading. Even if you’re going to do a more detailed reading of
the text, skimming as a form of previewing can help you
better comprehend what you read. Knowing when and how to
skim will help you become a more efficient, strategic reader.
You’ll become better at determining what parts of the text are
most important. There may also be times when your
professor wants you to understand the big picture, not all of
the little details. In these cases, skimming helps you
understand the overall points of the text and its relevance to
your course without bogging you down.
Make the most of your time. Sometimes you don’t have
time to do everything. With skimming, you’ll be able to
cover vast amounts of material more quickly and save
time for everything else that you have on your plate.
Maybe you don’t have time to finish your reading before
class, but skimming will help you get the main points and
attend class much more prepared to maximize in-class
learning.
You need to review a text you have read before. Skimming
is also an efficient way to refresh your memory of large
amounts of material before an exam. Skimming a text
Skimming is not…
Skimming can present problems if not done
intentionally. Skimming is not simply flipping
through a text quickly or paying half attention to it.
When skimming, be deliberate and intentional with
what you choose to read, and make sure that you
are focused. Skimming is not a lazy way out or a
half-hearted attempt at reading. Make sure that
you use it carefully and strategically and are able to
walk away with the main ideas of the text.
Skimming methods
Beginnings & endings: Read first and last sentences of
paragraphs, first and last paragraphs of major sections, and
introductions and summaries of chapters.

Wheat vs. chaff: Read only the amount of text necessary to

determine if a section presents a main idea or support for a
main idea.

Visual & verbal cues: Watch for signal words and phrases that
indicate an author’s direction (e.g., however, although,
moreover, in addition to).
Things to focus on while skimming:

 Introduction and conclusion

 Chapter/section summaries
 First and last sentences
 Titles, subtitles, and headings
 Bold words
 Charts, graphs, or pictures
 End of chapter review questions
When to skim
There are certain texts that lend themselves to
skimming better than others. It is typically less
beneficial to skim novels, poetry, and short stories
or texts that do not have text features such as such
as tables of content, chapter or section summaries,
headings, bold words, pictures, and diagrams. Non-
fiction texts, like textbooks, journal articles, and
essays are typically full of these kinds of text
features and are more suited for skimming.
Skimming can also be a good tool for conducting research and
writing papers. Typically, when researching or writing, you will
not need to read every word of every text closely, but will benefit
more from skimming while evaluating your sources or
identifying information important to your work.
Finally, know your context. There may be some texts that you
are better off reading closely and thoroughly. Some professors
specifically tell you that they include small details from the
textbook on exams. You may have some classes that are just
difficult to understand, and you may find that reading closely
helps you comprehend concepts better. Before skimming, spend
some time thinking about your classes, professors, and needs to
determine if you have any texts you may need to read more
Active reading strategies
When skimming, it’s important to continue to use active
reading strategies. This keeps your brain active, engaged,
and focused, and helps you understand and retain
information better and longer. Here are a few effective
active reading strategies to pair with skimming:

Set a purpose for reading. Instead of approaching the text

as something you just have to get through, identify a
purpose for this reading. What do you want to get out of
it? Why are you reading it? Keep this purpose in mind as
you read.
Preview. Look through the text before started to read and focus
on headings, illustrations, captions, highlighted items, end of
chapter summaries, etc. These features give you an idea of the
main concepts of the text and what you should focus on while
skimming.

Make a prediction. Right after previewing, make a prediction

about what you think the chapter or section is going to be about.

Activate prior knowledge. Make a list of what you already know

about the topic and what you want to know about it. Identify and
write down any questions you have.
Annotate. Instead of copying down copious notes from the book, jot
down brief notes and thoughts (in your own words) in the margins of
the text or in a notebook. PDF viewers, such as Adobe Acrobat and
Preview, also let you add notes directly on the page of a digital text.
Other possibilities include note-taking apps such as Evernote,
OneNote, or Google Keep.

Summarize the main ideas. After a section or page, stop and write a
1-3 sentence summary in your own words. This keeps your brain
engaged and ensures you are comprehending what you read.

Generate questions. Ask and write down questions that you have as
you read the text and/or questions that you would ask a class if you
were the instructor. Try using different levels of questions.
Scanning
Scanning is quickly reading a text to get the
summary of it. It is a technique wherein
students search for keywords or ideas.
Scanning involves moving eyes quickly down
the page seeking specific words and phrases.
Scanning is also used for the reader to find
answers to questions. Once a student scanned
the document, they will go back and skim it.
Purposes of Scanning
 To search for a word in a dictionary or
index
 To find a phone number or an address in a
directory
 To check the time schedule of a program in
an agenda
 To check the price of a specific item in a
catalog
Scanning: Steps to Follow
• Before starting to scan a text for a particular
information, you know some basic things about
that text. You will not be able to scan a text
efficiently if you do not have a basic idea about
that text. If the text is completely unknown to
you, you should skim it first to get some ideas
about that text. This will help you to guess the
section or part of the text where you might find
the information you need.
• Notice how the information is arranged. It can be
arranged either alphabetically or numerically.
However, some texts are not arranged at all. In
that case, you have to guess a section and scan it
through to get your information.
• Scanning a random unknown page of a text is
difficult. It may take more time than the usual.
However, it won’t take too much time if you move
your eyes vertically and diagonally keeping in
mind the exact letters or numbers you are looking
Extensive reading
Extensive reading is an approach to language
learning, including foreign language learning, by
means of a large amount of reading. The readers
view and review of unfamiliar words in a specific
context will allow the reader to infer the word’s
meaning, to learn unknown words. Extensive
Reading is the free reading of books and other
written material that is not too difficult for readers.
Extensive Reading is sometimes called Free
Why do Extensive Reading?
There are many reasons why Extensive Reading is
good for language development.
Extensive Reading builds vocabulary. When learners
read a lot, they meet thousands of words and lexical
(word) patterns that are not taught in textbooks.
Extensive Reading allows the learner to develop an
awareness of collocations (common word
partnerships) and thousands of lexical phrases.
Extensive Reading helps learners understand grammar. In
textbooks learners meet hundreds of grammar patterns. However,
textbooks do not provide enough meetings with grammar for real
acquisition to occur. Extensive Reading provides opportunities to
see grammar in context so learners can deepen their
understanding of how grammar is really used.
Extensive Reading helps learners to build reading speed and
reading fluency. In particular, developing reading speed is
important because it helps learners to understand language faster
and better.
One objective of Extensive Reading is reading for pleasure. This
builds confidence and motivation which makes the learner a more