Load Monitoring and

Activity Recognition in Smart

Homes based IOT approach
By:
 ABSTARCT:
Appliance load observation in good homes has been gaining importance due to its important blessings in
achieving associate degree energy economical smart grid. The strategies to manage such processes are often
classified into hardware-based methods, as well as intrusive load monitoring (ILM) and software-based methods
relating non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). ILM relies on low-end meter devices connected to home
appliances con to NILM techniques, wherever solely one purpose of sensing is needed. though ILM solutions
can be comparatively expensive, they supply higher potency and reliableness than NILMs. Moreover, future
solutions are expected to be hybrid, combining the benefits of NILM in conjunction with individual power
activity by good plugs associate degreed smart appliances. This paper proposes a unique ILM approach for load
observation that aims to develop an activity recognition system supported IoT design. The planned IoT
architecture consists of the appliances layer, perception layer, communication network layer, middleware layer,
and application layer. the most operate of the appliance recognition module is to label detector information and
permit the implementation of various home applications. 3 different classifier models are tested victimization
real data from the UK-DALE dataset: feed-forward neural network (FFNN), long short-term memory (LSTM),
and support vector machine (SVM). The developed activities of daily living (ADL) rule maps every ADL to a
group of criteria reckoning on the appliance used. The options are extracted in keeping with the consumption in
Watt-hours and also the times wherever they're switched on. within the FFNN and the LSTM networks, the
accuracy is higher than 0.9 whereas around 0.8 for the SVM network. alternative experiments are performed to
guage the classifier model employing a new take a look at set. A sensitivity analysis is additionally administered
to check the impact of the group size on the classifier accuracy
 INTRODUCTION:
Nowadays, the applications of smart home concepts and home energy management systems (HEMS) have been
gaining increasing attention in the research community due to many advantages they offer. These technologies
aim to facilitate users' operation and management of household appliances to operate automatically and
optimally. Furthermore, they represent a crucial step in achieving energy efficiency. To build such management
systems, it is necessary to identify and control the energy consumption of major appliances in the household
responsible for a higher electrical consumption . The identification of appliance usage opens the door for the
implementation of a series of useful applications. Among them, demand response (DR) and load planning
programs focus on analyzing individual load levels in homes or buildings. This analysis enables the possibility
of identifying less efficient or malfunctioning devices and implementing the appropriate actions intended for
reducing consumption. In this context, consumers become a key factor; they not only participate effectively in
the sustainable smart grid system, but they can also have a direct feedback on the statistics concerning power
consumption in real-time+. Additional useful information could also be inferred from appliance data such as
consumers' behavior patterns, including occupation, sleep patterns, and other activities. These activities are
commonly known as activities of daily living (ADL), with applications both in the energy domain and in other
fields, ranging from commercial services (e.g., customer profiling and targeted marketing) and legal sector
(e.g., monitoring of curfews and detection of illegal activities) to remote healthcare monitoring for elder people
living alone .
LITERATUTRE SURVEY
1.Review: Home energy management system in a Smart Grid Scheme to
improve reliability of power systems
AUTHOR:BS Hartono1, Sri Paryanto Mursid1 and Sapto Prajogo1
ABSTRACT:
Home energy management system (HEMS) concept rises from the development of smart homes that build
interaction between users with their home appliances in order to operate automatically, multi-functionally,
adaptably and efficiently. In line with technological developments and published regulations related to
environmental issues, smart home applications evolve into HEMS applications which are not only to provide
ease and convenience, but also to monitor and to make efficient energy use at home, thereby reducing peak
power quantity and electricity bill. Smart grid is an intelligent power grid starting from its generation,
transmission and distribution. It combines computing technology, artificial intelligence and communications
technology which creates a smarter power system and is able to produce better power quality and lower
generation cost. In the smart grid scheme, by means of HEMS applications, consumers can participate in
improving the quality of power systems
2. Event-Detection Algorithms for Low Sampling Nonintrusive Load
Monitoring Systems Based on Low Complexity Statistical Features
AUTHOR:Attique Ur Rehman; Tek Tjing Lie; Brice Vallès; Shafiqur Rahman
Tito
ABSTRACT:
One of the key techniques toward energy efficiency and conservation is nonintrusive load
monitoring (NILM) which lies in the domain of energy monitoring. Event detection is a core
component of event-based NILM systems. This paper proposes two new low-complexity and
computationally fast algorithms that detect the variations of load data and return the time
occurrences of the corresponding events. The proposed algorithms are based on the phenomenon
of a sliding window (SW) that tracks the statistical features of the acquired aggregated load data.
The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated using real-world data and a comparative
analysis has been carried out with one of the recently proposed event detection algorithms. Based
on the simulations and sensitivity analysis, it is shown that the proposed algorithm can provide the
results of up to 93% and 88% in terms of recall and precision, respectively.
3. Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring and Classification of Activities of Daily Living Using
Residential Smart Meter Data
AUTHOR: Michael A. Devlin; Barry P. Hayes
ABSTRACT:
This paper develops an approach for household appliance identification and classification of household
activities of daily living (ADLs) using residential smart meter data. The process of household appliance
identification, i.e., decomposing a mains electricity measurement into each of its constituent individual
appliances, is a very challenging classification problem. Recent advances have made deep learning a
dominant approach for classification in fields, such as image processing and speech recognition. This
paper presents a deep learning approach based on multilayer, feedforward neural networks that can
identify common household electrical appliances from a typical household smart meter measurement. The
performance of this approach is tested and validated using publicly available smart meter data sets. The
identified appliances are then mapped to household activities, or ADLs. The resulting ADL classifier can
provide insights into the behavior of the household occupants, which has a number of applications in the
energy domain and in other fields.
4.End-to-end anytime solution for appliance recognition based on high-resolution current
sensing with few-shot learning
AUTHOR:Radu-Casian
ABSTRACT:
With the steady rise of home and building automation management system, it is
becoming paramount to gain access to information that reflects consumption patterns
with device-level granularity. Various application-level services can then makes use of
this data for monitoring and controlling purposes in an efficient manner. In this paper
we report on the design and development of an Internet of Things (IoT) end-to-end
solution for electric appliance recognition that can operate in real-time and entails low
hardware cost. For the task of identifying various appliance signatures we also
provide a comparative analysis, where on the one hand, we investigate the suitability
of several machine learning approaches given publicly available datasets, that
generally provide months worth of data with a relatively low sampling frequency. On
the other hand, we proceed to evaluate their discriminative effectiveness for our
particular scenario, where the goal is to provide rapid identification of the appliance
signature in real-time based on a reduced training dataset (few-shot learning).
5.Residential Electrical Load Monitoring and Modeling
– State of the Art and Future Trends for Smart Homes
and Grids
AUTHOR: Yuan, Xinmei
ABSTRACT:
Building energy consumption accounts for a large fraction of the total global energy
usage, and considerable energy savings are expected to be achieved in this respect
through residential electrical load monitoring. Due to the limitations on the practical
implementation of in-depth and expensive monitoring systems, non-intrusive load
monitoring (NILM) is becoming a hot topic. In this paper, an overview of the state
of the art residential electrical load monitoring is presented. Different from previous
reviews, the applications of load monitoring are particularly addressed, based on
which, technical challenges of load monitoring techniques, including NILM, are
identified and thoroughly discussed, together with possible developments and trends
predicted from the authors’ perspective.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The proposed system is an efficient solution for the classification of activities of
daily living. The main contributions of this paper are summarized in three main
aspects:
● A novel ILM solution for load monitoring and ADL identification is developed
and analyzed as part of an IoT architecture. This architecture can support other
applications, which guarantees overall system scalability.
● Three ML classifier models are benchmarked to be integrated with the appliance
recognition system : FFNN, LSTM, and SVM. The objective of appliance
recognition module is to label sensor data to allow the implementation of different
home applications such as
ADL classification.
● The proposed ADL classifier is applied and tested in different experiments
employing real data gathered in the UK-DALE dataset.
BLOCK DAIGRAM:
 METHODOGY:
• The methods to manage such processes can be classified into two categories:
methods based on hardware and those based on software
• It emphasized the potential benefits of smart energy data in supporting the health
and care system, giving a complete description of the two main categories in
which the research was focused on: NILM and IoT-based methods (ILM).
• On the other hand, techniques based on hardware include methods for intrusive
load monitoring (ILM), also known as distributed sensing
• On the one hand, software-based methods include measurements from only a
single point of sensing (smart meter device). These methods, commonly known as
non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), offer an attractive solution, essentially due
to their low-cost implementation since they only need a single point of detection
 ADL ALGORITHM:
• Activity of daily living (ADL) algorithm maps each ADL to a set of
criteria depending on the appliance used.
 CONCLUSION:
Smart homes aim to facilitate the operation and management of household appliances so
that it can be operated automatically and optimally. With the identification of appliance
usage, a series of smart grid applications could be carried out such as demand response
and load planning. This work presented a framework for an IoT approach able to support
distributed sensing and ADL classification system based on ILM in smart homes. ILM is
based on low-end meter devices attached to home appliances in opposition to NILM
techniques, where only a single point of sensing is needed. This work proposed an ADL
classification system that combines state-of-the-art solutions among its different modules.
ML models are applied in the appliance recognition module. Specifically, three different
models were tested using the UK-DALE dataset: a FFNN, a LSTM and an SVM.
Accuracy was above 0.9 for the FFNN and the LSTM classifiers and around 0.8 for SVM.
Once appliances are recognized, the ADL classification algorithm infers an activity based
on the appliance label obtained and on the timestamps of the samples.
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