3 Key Issues - : - Firm's Directional Strategy - Firm's Portfolio Strategy - Firm's Parenting Strategy

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Corporate Strategy

3 Key Issues –

–Firm’s directional strategy

–Firm’s portfolio strategy

–Firm’s parenting strategy

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Corporate Directional Strategies

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Corporate Strategy

Directional Strategy –

–Orientation toward growth


•Expansion, contraction, status quo
•Concentration or diversification
•Internal development or acquisitions, mergers, or
alliances

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Corporate Strategy

Directional Strategy –

–3 Grand Strategies

•Growth strategies

•Stability strategies

•Retrenchment strategies

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Corporate Strategy

Growth Strategies --

–External mechanisms

•Mergers

•Acquisitions

•Strategic alliances

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Corporate Strategy

Growth Strategies --

–2 Basic forms

•Concentration

•Diversification

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Corporate Strategy

Basic Concentration Strategies --

–Vertical growth

–Horizontal growth

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Corporate Strategy
Quasi-integrated firms need not own 100
percent of the adjacent business units in
the vertical chain. The bond between firms
Vertical Growth -- could take the form of cooperative
ventures, minority equity agreements,
loans or loan guarantees prepurchase
–Vertical integration credits, specialized logistical facilities or
•Full integration "understandings" concerning customary
arrangements. Quasi-integrated
•Taper integration
arrangements place greater proportions of
•Quasi-integration ownership equity at risk, but they also
•Long-term contract provide greater flexibility in responding to
changing conditions than a contract may
provide.

Firms are "taper integrated" when they are backward or forward integrated but
rely on outsiders for a proportion of their suppliers or distribution. Taper
integration represents a useful compromise between desires to control adjacent
businesses and needs to retain strategic flexibility. In this case, firms can monitor
the R&D developments of outsiders, reduce vulnerability to strikes and shortages
within their systems, and examine the products of competitors while enjoying the
lower costs and greater advantages (and profit margins) or vertical
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Corporate Strategy

Vertical Growth --

–Backward integration

–Forward integration

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Corporate Strategy

Concentration --

–Horizontal Growth
•Horizontal integration

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Corporate Strategy

Basic Diversification Strategies --

–Concentric Diversification

–Conglomerate Diversification

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Corporate Strategy

Concentric Diversification --

–Growth into related industry


–Search for synergies

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Corporate Strategy

Conglomerate diversification --

–Growth into unrelated industry


–Concern with financial considerations

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Corporate Strategy

International Entry Options --

–Exporting
–Licensing
–Franchising
–Joint Ventures
–Acquisitions
–Green-Field Development

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Corporate Strategy

International Entry Options --

–Production Sharing
–Turnkey Operation
–BOT Concept (Build, Operate, Transfer)
–Management Contracts

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Corporate Strategy

Stability Strategies --

–Pause/proceed with caution

–No change

–Profit strategies

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Corporate Strategy

Retrenchment Strategies --

–Turnaround
–Captive Company Strategy
–Selling out
–Bankruptcy
–Liquidation

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Corporate Strategy

Portfolio Analysis --

–Resource commitment on best products to


ensure continued success

–Resource commitment on new costly products


high risk

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