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Problem 1
i) Plot a sample cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the
following soil conductivity (in cm/day) samples on the
attached piece of graph paper.
2.72 1.44 24.28 6.96 6.40 16.30 11.72 8.63 2.94 10.52 8.48
1.63 12.77 1.50 0.14
ii) Use this sample CDF to estimate the probability that the soil
conductivity at any given point lies between 5 and 10
cm/day.
Solution:
iii) See quiz01_2sol.m for MATLAB program that plots CDF
ii) Prob(5 < y ≤ 10) = 0.67 - .40 = 0.37
Problem 2
Find the mean of the following probability density function:
Solution:
Problem 3
The expression z = y/( y + yhalf) is frequently used to describe
the relationship between algal growth rate z and nutrient
concentration y. Suppose the “half saturation constant” yhalf = 1
and that y is uniformly distributed between 1 and 2. Write a
MATLAB function that uses a stochastic simulation approach to
plot the cumulative distribution function of z. Attached are
descriptions of the MATLAB functions rand, hist, and cdfplot.
Solution:
See quiz01_2sol.m for MATLAB program that plots the histogram
and CDF
Problem 4
The position yt of a solute particle moving in a turbulent velocity
field can be described as follows:
where t is a time index (t=1,2, … n), y0 = 0, ∆ is a constant time
step, and v1, v2, … vn are random velocities. For example, if ∆ =
0.5 sec and velocity is measured in cm/sec, the position after 5
time steps is:
This process is an example of a random walk (or Brownian
motion). It is the basis for most models of solute dispersion.
Suppose that the velocities are independent random variables,
each with mean E[vi] = 0 and variance Var[vi] = 1 cm/sec.
a) What are the mean and variance of the particle position yn
after n time steps?
b) Sketch the probability density function of y20 , clearly
labeling the mean and standard deviation with appropriate
numerical values.
Solution:
b) PDF is normal with mean
Problem 5
Suppose that the streamflow in a particular river on a given day is
approximately an exponentially distributed random variable with
a mean (parameter a) of 5 m3 /sec. Write a MATLAB code that
uses a stochastic simulation approach to plot the histogram and
cumulative probability distribution of the maximum daily
streamflow observed over a 100 day period. Attached are
descriptions of the MATLAB functions exprnd , max, hist, and
cdfplot.
Solution:
See quiz01_2sol.m for MATLAB program that plots the histogram
and CDF