What is APA Style?
Done by: Assem Akpayeva, Kamila Zhaisanova,
Fotima Nurmuradova, Gulnaz Orynbetova,
Madina Saidmurodova, Aidana Seyilkhan,
Suyerkhan Aigerim
What is APA Style?
● APA = American Psychological Association
● Based on the APA Publication Manual
● The 7th edition is the latest, published in 2019
● Used widely, especially in the social sciences
● Provides guidelines for language, formatting, and citations
• APA Style provides a foundation for effective scholarly
communication because it helps writers present their ideas in a
clear, precise, and inclusive manner.
APA Style originated in 1929, when a group of psychologists,
anthropologists, and business managers convened and sought to
establish a simple set of procedures, or style guidelines, that
would codify the many components of scientific writing to
increase the ease of reading comprehension. They published their
guidelines as a seven-page article in Psychological Bulletin
Where did describing a “standard of procedure, to which exceptions would
doubtless be necessary, but to which reference might be made in
APA Style cases of doubt” (Bentley et al., 1929, p. 57).
come from?
Since then, the scope and length of the Publication Manual have
grown in response to the needs of researchers, students, and
educators across the social and behavioral sciences, health care,
natural sciences, humanities, and more; however, the spirit of the
original authors’ intentions remains.
APA format guidelines
General formatting
Times New Roman
One-inch (2.54 cm)
12 pt, Calibri 11 pt, Double line spacing
margins
Arial 11 pt, etc.
Running head in
Page number in the the top left (if
top right submitting for
publication)
Levels of
heading
Title page
Tables and
figures
There are two types of APA citations
The first type of citation, which is called in-text, or parenthetical citations, are included when
you’re adding information from another individual’s work into your own project. When you
add text word-for-word from another source into your project or take information from
another source and place it in your own words and writing style (known as paraphrasing), you
must make an in-text citation. These citations are short in length and are placed in the main
part of your project, directly after the borrowed information.
The other type of citations, which are called reference citations, are
found at the end of your research project, usually on the last page.
Included on this reference list page are the full citations for any in-text
citations found in the body of the project. These citations are listed in
alphabetical order, one after the other.
Basic in-text citation format
Parenthetical citation
It is important to avoid plagiarism in academic writing (Smith, 2020, p. 15).
Narrative citation
Smith (2020, p. 15) states that it is important to avoid plagiarism in academic
writing.
Multiple authors
Missing information
Combining citations
X (Smith, 2020) (Jones, 2015) (McCombes et al., 2017)
✓ (Jones, 2015; McCombes et al., 2017; Smith, 2020)
• Here’s are some examples of in-text citations:
“Well, you’re about to enter the land of the free and the
brave. And I don’t know how you got that stamp on
your passport. The priest must know someone” (Tóibín,
2009, p. 52).
Student teachers who use technology in their lessons
tend to continue using technology tools throughout
their teaching careers (Kent & Giles, 2017).
• If including the author’s name in the sentence, only
include the year in the in-text citation.
Example:
According to a study done by Kent and Giles
(2017), student teachers who use technology in their
lessons tend to continue using technology tools
throughout their teaching careers.
Format of
the
reference
page
Components of a reference entry
Author
Date
Title
Source
• Start a new page for your references.
• Title the new page "References."
Important Tips • Put all entries in alphabetical order.
for Reference • Align the first line of a reference flush with
the left margin.
Pages • Indent each additional line (usually
accomplished by using the TAB key).
• Make sure the reference section is double-
spaced.
• Use italics for titles of books, journals,
magazines, and newspapers.
• Include all sources cited both in the text and
on the reference page.
Why is APA Style needed?
Uniformity and consistency enable Style guidelines encourage authors - ideas flow logically
readers to to fully disclose essential - sources are credited appropriately
(a) focus on the ideas being information and allow readers to -papers are organized predictably and
presented rather than formatting dispense with minor distractions. consistently
and - Authors plan for ethical compliance and
report critical details of their research
(b) scan works quickly for key points,
protocol to allow readers to evaluate
findings, and sources. findings
