PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,
COIMBATORE 641004
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCIENCE
ASSIGNMENT PRESENTATION – I
18S037 TEXTILE
CHEMISTRY&TEXTILE CHEMISTRY
PROCESSING
Done by
MANJUSHREE JP
Desizing – Types, Methods
of desizing.
DESIZING
• Desizing is the process of removing the size material from warp
yarns after a textile fabric is woven.
• Desizing is the first chemical / wet processing treatment carried
out on the WOVEN cotton fabric. Inorder to remove the sizing
(gum) ingredients added during the weaving process.
SIZE MATERIAL
• Sizing or size is a substance that is applied to, or incorporated
into, other materials—especially papers and textiles—to act as a
protective filler or glaze. Sizing is used in papermaking and
textile manufacturing to change the absorption and wear
characteristics of those materials.
WHY DESIZING IS DONE?
During the weaving process, the warp yarn would be sized
inorder to have enough strength to withstand the tension /
load exerted during the weaving process.
However, when the fabric comes to the wet processing
department; the applied size has to be removed from the
fabric surface
Desizing is done so as to facilitate the easy entry of the
chemicals / solution into the fibre substrates
METHODS:
1.HYDROLYSIS DESIZING
METHODS
Rot Steeping
This is the oldest and cheapest
method because no chemical is
used in this treatment.
The cloth is soaked in warm
water at 35-40° C and passed
through a padding mangle and
squcezed.
It is allowed to stand for 24
hours or overnight.
Enzymatic Steeping
Enzymatic desizing is the modern process for the removal of
starch, amylases being particularly suitable.
It is the most widely used method in textile industry. The
main advantages of using enzymes is that the starches are
decomposed without damaging of cellulose fibers.
So this process is suitable for all types of natural fibers. But
enzymes suffer from one factor that if the conditions of
temperature and pH are not favorable, then their activity is
destroyed.
For example, enzymes are deactivated above 750C. There
are different types of enzymes, which are used to remove
starch from the fabric.
Main Controlling Points of Enzymatic Desizing
• Temperature
• pH
• Fabric speed
• Concentration
• Time
Advantages of Enzymatic Desizing Process
• Less time required.
• Since it’s a continuous process so, higher production can achieved.
• Fabric can be desized easily.
• The starches are decomposed without damaging cellulosic material.
Disadvantage of Enzymatic Desizing Process
• If the temperature, pH, time, concentration are not properly maintained, the desizing activity of
enzymes is destroyed.
Acid Steeping
• In acid steeping process, acid solution is used to remove starch from
the fabric by hydrolyzing. Here dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) or
hydrochloric acid (HCl) may be used.
Recipe
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.25 – 0.5 %
• Temperature 300C to 400C
• Time 8 hrs to 12 hrs
Process
The cloth is first passed through a two
or three bowl padding mangle. Where
the cloth is impregnated with dilute
(0.25%-0.5%) acid solution at room
temperature (300C-400).
Then the cloth is squeezed by squeezing
roller.
Then it is stored in a closed storage tank
for 8-12 hrs.
Finally, the cloth is washed with water
and drying.
Advantages of Acid Steeping
• Acid steeping is an economical process.
• Uniform desizing occurred.
• Not required any pH condition.
• Can be done at room temperature.
• Quicker process than rot steeping.
Disadvantages of Acid Steeping
• If proper care is not taken in this method, then the mineral acid can
attack on cellulosic fibers such as cotton, jute etc.
• In closed storage tank, the acid wet fabric must not be allowed to dry,
otherwise will be formed, which will weaken the fiber.
2. Oxidative Method
• In oxidative desizing method, the starch is oxidised. In this method, the
risk of damage to the cellulose fiber is very high, and its use for desizing
is increasingly rare. Oxidative desizing uses sodium or potassium
persulphates or sodium bromite as an oxidizing agent. Here Bromide
Desizing method have demonstrated in below:
• Bromide Desizing Method
• Sodium bromide (NaBr), the salt of bromous acid (HBrO2) has powerful
oxidizing action on size materials (Starch).
• Mainly it is made up of a combination of bromous acid (HBrO2) and
hypo-bromous acid (HOBr).
• It converts bromine dioxide into oxygen and bromine. The hydrolysis of
bromine thus formed produces more hypo-bromous acid (HOBr).
Mechanism of Bromide Desizing Process
• The size ingredients in the fabric contains starches that are not soluble in
water.
• At first, we have to digest the starch and break the long chain compounds of
starch. The starches are insoluble in water. By hydrolysis of these long chain
compounds, it converts into shorter ones.
• The main conditions of this method such as temperature, time,
concentration should be maintained properly and the following steps show
the progressive hydrolysis of starch.
• After desizing the insoluble compounds (starches) are decomposed and
converts into soluble compounds (Dextrin).
• Then, we have to wash the desized fabric with water to remove the soluble
compounds properly.
Advantages of Bromide Desizing
• The main features of bromide desizing process are given below
• This can be done at room temperature.
• Use of the low concentration of bromide (0.2%-0.3%) with short
immersion periods( The process is completed within 6-15min after
impregnation.
• Lower Machinery Installation cost.
• Uniform Desizing
• In addition to reacting with starch, bromide attacks other impurities as
well, resulting in a whiter and cleaner cloth as well after desizing.
• More foreign matters are removed from the cloth at the hot wash stage
rather than other desizing process.
THANK YOU
