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Switchyard

Switchyards serve as sources of quality energy supply by receiving energy from generating stations at high voltage, reducing the voltage for local distribution, and providing switching facilities. A switchyard is an assembly of equipment used to change characteristics of electrical supply like voltage, frequency, and power factor. It contains components like bus bars, insulators, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and protection devices. Lightning arresters protect against lightning strikes and earthing switches safely discharge voltage for maintenance. The switchyard layout diagram shows its components and configuration.

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Gaurav Verma
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104 views17 pages

Switchyard

Switchyards serve as sources of quality energy supply by receiving energy from generating stations at high voltage, reducing the voltage for local distribution, and providing switching facilities. A switchyard is an assembly of equipment used to change characteristics of electrical supply like voltage, frequency, and power factor. It contains components like bus bars, insulators, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and protection devices. Lightning arresters protect against lightning strikes and earthing switches safely discharge voltage for maintenance. The switchyard layout diagram shows its components and configuration.

Uploaded by

Gaurav Verma
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SWITCHYARD

Gaurav Verma Pramod Kumar


Partho Banerjee Parameshwar Mahato
Yograj Somnath
Introduction
 Switch yard serve as sources of quality energy
supply for the local area of distribution in which these
are located.

 Their main functions are to receive energy


transmitted at high voltage from the generating
station , reduce the voltage to a value appropriate for
local distribution and provide facilities for switching.
What is Switchyard ?
 The assembly of apparatus used to change some
characteristics (e.g. voltage, a.c. to d.c. ,freq, p.f.
etc..)of electrical supply is called a switchyard.
Switchyard Equipments
 Bus bar.
 Insulators & fittings.
 Isolators.
 Relays & Circuit Breaker.
 Station Transformers.
 Instrument Transformer.
 Metering & Indicating Instrument.
 Power line carrier communication systems.
 Wave traps.
Lightning Arresters

 Lightning arrester is the most commonly used


apparatus for protection against lightning
strokes on the lines entering the substation.
Earthing switch
Discharge the voltage on the circuit to earth for safety.
Location- mounted on the frame of the isolator.
Generally used for incoming and outgoing feeder.
Isolators

Isolators is a mechanical switching device which


provides isolation from live parts for the purpose
of maintenance.
Staggered Type Isolators has been used for
simultaneous operation.
Bus Bar
Bus bars are current carrying conductor to which
various circuit are connected
These are made of ACSR.
There are 2 main bus and one auxiliary bus.
There are 21 bays of which 10 outgoing ones are
divided as- 2 each for mehrauli, okhla, sarita vihar
and ballabgarh & 1 each for noida and alvar.
One bus coupler.
Circuit Breaker

SF6 type
5-6 bar pressure
Current Transformer
Stepping down current in main ckt. to a measurable
value for protection purpose.
Has five cores- 2 for diff. protection, 1 each for
metering, backup, and distance protection.
Ct ratio of 600/1.
Communication equipments
Wave trap – it is inserted b/w busbars & connection of
coupling capacitor to line.
It prevents high frequency carrier signals from
entering neighboring lines.
CVT- Used for measurement of voltage, using
capacitive voltage divider.
It is also used as coupling capacitor for carrier
communication.
Ratings of Equipments used
CT ratio of 600/1.
PT ratio of 220kv/110v
Total Capacity of generation 705 MW (95x3, 210x2)
Auxiliary supply used 70MW
GT (d/y) of ratings(125MVA x 3, 240MVA x 2)
Station Transformer 220/34.5/6 kv (d/Y/Y).
Control Room

The size of the control room building is dependent on


equipments in the room and varies from utility to
utility.
Each feeder panel have meters showing MW, MVAR
and Amperes.
ABT meters- 3ph, 4wire, v=110v, 1Amps
Protection schemes used are over current, distance ,
differential and LBB.
Switchyard layout
Conclusion
 Switchyard is the heart of electric power system. So
the design should be such that it will provide
continuous , quality & desired power with safety.
THANK
YOU

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