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Relation and Functions: Charito C. Manuel

The document discusses relations and functions. It defines a relation as a set of ordered pairs and a function as a special type of relation where each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range. It provides examples of functions and relations that are not functions. The document also discusses determining if a relation is a function, finding the domain and range of functions, and examples evaluating relations and equations as functions.

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chari cruzman
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56 views14 pages

Relation and Functions: Charito C. Manuel

The document discusses relations and functions. It defines a relation as a set of ordered pairs and a function as a special type of relation where each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range. It provides examples of functions and relations that are not functions. The document also discusses determining if a relation is a function, finding the domain and range of functions, and examples evaluating relations and equations as functions.

Uploaded by

chari cruzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATION AND

FUNCTIONS
Prepared by:

CHARITO C. MANUEL
JHS Teacher Applicant
In this lesson, you will be able to

1. illustrate a relation and a function;

2. verify if a given relation is a function; and

3. find the domain and range of a function.


What is a relation?

is a set of
Is a setordered
of ordered pairs. pairs.
( x, y)

Domain Range
-set of all first -set of all second
elements elements
What is a function?

is a relation inIs a set


which
of ordered pairs.each element

of the domain corresponds to


exactly one element of the range.

Example of a function: Example of not a function:


{(1, 2), (3, 4), (5,6), (7,8)} {(1, 2), (1, 4), (2,6), (2,8}
RELATION

FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION

“ All functions are relations, but not all


relations are functions”
Function as a Machine
The members of the domain
can be called the inputs and
members of the range can be
called the outputs.

Inside the machine is a “rule”


that allows the input (the
domain) yield exactly one
output (the range).
Example 1 Php 50.00

A supermarket holds a closing-out sale. All


merchandise is sold at a 30% discount. For
30 % Discount
the convenience of the shoppers, the Function
marketing supervisor considers a table of
marked prices (Php x) and their corresponding
selling prices (Php y). A portion of the table is
Php 35.00
given and she needs your help to complete it.

Marked Price (Php x) 50 100 150 200

Selling Price (Php y) 35 70 105 140

30 % of Php 50.00 = Php 15.00 30 % of Php 150.00 = Php 45.00


Php 50.00 – Php 15.00 = Php 35.00 Php 150.00 – Php 45.00 = Php 105.00
30 % of Php 100.00 = Php 30.00 30 % of Php 200.00 = Php 60.00
Php 100.00 – Php 30.00 = Php 70.00 Php 200.00 – Php 60.00 = Php 140.00
Example 2

Determine whether the following relations are


functions or not.
a. { (1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 7) } -function

b. { (1, 2), (2, 5), (2, 0), (3, 7) } -is not a


function
Example 3

Tell whether or not each table of values represents a function.


Input 9 4 0 4 9
a.
Output 3 2 0 -2 -3
Not a function

Input 1 2 3 4 5
b. Output 3 3 3 3 3 Function
Example 4

Which of the following equations describe a


function? Find its domain and range.

a. x + y = 4
2 2 b. x2 + y – 4 = 0

To know whether the equation describes a function or


not, we need to express y in terms of x. If two or more
values of y can be obtained for a given value of x, the
equation is not a function.
a. x2 + y2 = 4 Write the original equation
y2 = 4 - x 2 Subtract x2 from both sides
y = ±√(4 - x2) Apply the square root method

The symbol ± in this equation shows that for


all values of x between -2 and 2, there are two
values for y. For example, if x = 1, then
y = ±√ ( 4 – (1)2) = ± √3.
Hence, the equation does not define y as a
function of x.
b. x2 + y - 4 = 0 Write the original equation
x2+y = 4 Add 4 on both sides
y = 4 – x2 Subtract x2 from both sides

From this equation, you can see that for each value of x, there
is one and only one value for y. For example, if x = 1, then y = 4 -
12 = 3. The equation defines y as a function of x.
Next, find its domain and range.
Note that the value of y will always be a real number no matter
what the value of x is. Therefore, the domain of the relation is the
set of real numbers. In symbols,
Domain = { x I x ϵ R } or { x is any element of R }
To find the range, solve for x. Solving for x, we obtain
x2 + y - 4 = 0
Add 4 on both sides and
x2 = 4 - y
subtract y from both sides
x = ± √(4 – y ) Extract the square root to
solve the quadratic equation
Notice that x in this case will only be real if the expression on the other
side is real. This implies that the radicand, 4 – y, must be non-negative. That
is, 4 – y must be greater than or equal to zero.
In symbols,
4 – y ≥ 0 or y ≤ 4
Therefore, the range is the set of real numbers less than or equal to 4.
In symbols, we write
Range = { y I y ≤ 4 }
Thank you

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