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Module1 PDF

This document defines a computer and describes its basic components and functions. A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it using a CPU, and provides the output. It has characteristics like speed, accuracy, storage, and versatility. The document includes a block diagram of the main components of a computer including input devices like keyboards and mice, memory, processor, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses different types of storage devices and memory.

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shejal naik
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65 views45 pages

Module1 PDF

This document defines a computer and describes its basic components and functions. A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it using a CPU, and provides the output. It has characteristics like speed, accuracy, storage, and versatility. The document includes a block diagram of the main components of a computer including input devices like keyboards and mice, memory, processor, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses different types of storage devices and memory.

Uploaded by

shejal naik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of Computer

Electronic and programmable device, which accepts data through input device
and process it accordingly in cpu and gives the processed information through
output device.

Data Processing Output


Characteristics
1. Speed

2. Accuracy

3. Storage

4. Diligence

5. Versatility

6. Timeliness

7. Efficiency
Limitations
1. Lack of intelligence

2. Inability to take independent decisions

3. Emotionless

4. Prone to virus

5. Depends on electricity
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
Input devices
Most commonly used standard input device.

Suitable for command line & character user interface environment.

Standard keys 105

Types of keys

1. Alphanumeric keys : A-Z or a-z, 0-9, <, >, ? , /, :, *, %

2. Special Keys

Shift keys :- Ctrl, Alt, Shift

Toggle keys :- Caps Lock, Num Lock, Insert, Scroll Lock

3. Functional Keys : F1-F12


 Suitable for Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 Allows random movement on the screen
 Contains Left button, Right button, Scroll button
 Types of mouse
Wired
Wireless
Flatbed
scanner

Handheld scanner

 Used to convert any hard copy image into electronic form.


 Uses a beam of light which produces reflection of the image that is converted
into electronic form.
 Types
1. Flat bed scanner 5. Special purpose scanners
2. Sheet Fed scanner
3. Handheld scanner
4. Drum scanner
Drum Scanner Sheet Fed Scanner
Output devices
Monitors
• CRT
• LCD
• LED
CRT Monitor

 Main component is Cathode Ray Tube.


 CRT has 3 basic components
1. Electron Gun
2. Deflection coils
3. Display screen
 It uses liquid crystal to display images.
 Requires less space & power.
 Portable because of their light weight.
Printers
• Binary digits – 0,1
• 1 byte = 8 bits
Memory
Memory

Processor Cache Primary Secondary


Registers Memory Memory Memory

RAM ROM Magnetic Optical Flash


Disk/Tape Disk Memory

CD-ROM
Static Dynamic EPROM EEPROM
CD-RW
DVD-ROM
Floppy Zip Hard DVD-RW
Disk Disk disk
Blu-ray Disk
Primary memory

Functions :-
• Helps in booting process
• Stores a part of operating system
• Stores instructions of application programs for
execution
• Stores data taken form input device , stores the
results calculated by CPU for short period and then
sends data to the output device
Primary Memory
• RAM
• ROM
– PROM – Machine
– EPROM – UV signal
– EEPROM – Electrical Signals – Robots, Satellites
• Weather
RAM – Random Access Memory
• Provides temporary storage
• Increases processing speed
• Available in multiples of 4 i.e. 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256
MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB and so on

SRAM ( Static RAM)


• Made up of latches which can be set or no
• Do not need refreshing circuitry
DRAM ( Dynamic RAM)
• Data is stored in small capacitors.
• Need to be refreshed periodically
• Cheaper & consumes less power
Secondary memory
1. Sequential Access storage – Magnetic Tape, Floppy
Disk

2. Direct Access storage -, Hard Disk, CD-ROM, CD-RW,


DVD-R, DVD-RW,
File1

File 2
File3
File4
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Disk Optical Disk
Software

System Development Application


Software Software Software

Operating Utility
System Software

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