Scribd
Upload
75 views27 pages

Advanced Structures: Amatul Wasey 14131AA001

This document discusses trusses and frames. It defines a truss as a structure composed of slender members joined together at their endpoints that is designed to sustain loads occurring at or between its support points. Trusses use triangulation so that members only experience axial forces. Common truss types include pitched, parallel chord, and king post trusses. Frames are structures that use beams, columns, and slabs to resist lateral and gravity loads. Rigid and braced frames are described. Frames provide efficient load transfer from slab to beam to column to foundation. Frame structures are advantageous for rapid construction and economy.

Uploaded by

amatul wasey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
75 views27 pages

Advanced Structures: Amatul Wasey 14131AA001

This document discusses trusses and frames. It defines a truss as a structure composed of slender members joined together at their endpoints that is designed to sustain loads occurring at or between its support points. Trusses use triangulation so that members only experience axial forces. Common truss types include pitched, parallel chord, and king post trusses. Frames are structures that use beams, columns, and slabs to resist lateral and gravity loads. Rigid and braced frames are described. Frames provide efficient load transfer from slab to beam to column to foundation. Frame structures are advantageous for rapid construction and economy.

Uploaded by

amatul wasey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

ADVANCED

STRUCTURES

AMATUL WASEY
14131AA001
- TRUSS
- FRAMES
- SPACE FRAME
• A truss is a structure composed of slender TRUSS
Members connected at their
members joined Straight Members
intersections by means of frictionless
together at their end points. Planar trusses lie pins or hinges
in a single plane.
• Typically a truss is a joint framed structure
which is designed to
sustain inclined, vertical or horizontal loads
occurring at or
between its points of supports and has the
following
characteristics:
1. Members so arranged that the truss is
loaded only at the joints
A Truss is a triangulated system of members that are structured and connected in a
way such that they only incur axial force. These members are considered two-force
members as the forces are only applied at either end of the member, resulting in
either a compression or tension force. They are commonly used as bridge designs,
given their ability to efficiently span long distances.

The joints are typically pinned connections, such that no shear or moment forces are
transferred from member to member. This is a major, yet commonly misunderstood,
the difference between truss and frame structures. A frame member will typically take
a combination of shear, axial and bending forces; whereas a truss member will only
take axial force.
COMPONENTS OF A TRUSS
BASIC TYPES OF TRUSS
• Pitched Truss- Characterized
by its triangular shape.
It is most often used for roof
construction.

• Parallel Chord Truss- Its


named from its parallel top
and bottom chords. It is often
used for roof
construction.
Simple Truss

Compound Trusses –
constructed by
connecting two
or more simple trusses
to form
a single rigid body
Complex Trusses – truss that is
neither simple nor compound
VARIOUS TYPES OF TRUSS

Flat Truss Queen Post Truss Bowstring Truss


King Post Truss Lenticular Truss Lattice Truss
Analysis of Trusses
• The reason for making these
The analysis of trusses is usually assumptions is to obtain an ideal
truss, i.e., a truss whose members
based on the following simplifying
are subjected only to axial
assumptions: forces.
•The centroidal axis of each
member coincides with the line • Primary Forces ≡ member axial
connecting the centers of the forces determined from the
adjacent members and the analysis of an ideal truss
• Secondary Forces ≡ deviations
members only carry axial force.
from the idealized forces, i.e.,
•All members are connected shear and bending forces in a
only at their ends by frictionless truss member.
hinges in plane trusses. • Our focus will be on primary
•All loads and support reactions forces. If large secondary forces
are applied only at the joints are anticipated, the truss should
be analyzed as a frame.
Some renowned Trussed Structures

Eifel Tower
FRAMES
Frame structures are the structures
having the combination of beam,
column and slab to resist the lateral and
gravity loads. These structures are
usually used to overcome the large
moments developing due to the applied
loading.
Types of frame structures

Frames structures can be differentiated into:

1. Rigid frame structure


Which are further subdivided into:
Pin ended
Fixed ended

2. Braced frame structure


Which is further subdivided into:
Gabled frames
Portal frames
Rigid Structural Frame
The word rigid means ability to resist the deformation. Rigid
frame structures can be defined as the structures in which
beams & columns are made monolithically and act
collectively to resist the moments which are generating due
to applied load.

Rigid frame structures provide more stability. This type of


frame structures resists the shear, moment and torsion more
effectively than any other type of frame structures. That's
why this frame system is used in world's most astonishing
building Burj Al-Arab.
Braced Structural Frames
In this frame system, bracing are usually provided between beams and columns to
increase their resistance against the lateral forces and side ways forces due to applied
load. Bracing is usually done by placing the diagonal members between the beams
and columns.

This frame system provides more efficient resistance against the earthquake and wind
forces. This frame system is more effective than rigid frame system
Pin Ended Rigid Structural Frames
A pinned ended rigid frame system usually has
pins as their support conditions. This frame
system is considered to be non rigid if its
support conditions are removed.

Fix Ended Rigid Frame Structure:


In this type of rigid frame systems end
conditions are usually fixed.
Gabeled Structural Frame:
Gabled frame structures usually have the peak at their top. These frames
systems are in use where there are possibilities of heavy rain and snow.

Portal Structural Frame


Portal structural frames usually look like a door. This frame system is very much
in use for construction of industrial and commercial buildings
Load path in Frame Structure:
It is a path through which the load of a frame structure is transmitted to the
foundations. In frame structures, usually the load path is:

Load first transfers from slab to beams then to from beam to columns, then
from columns it transfers to the foundation.
Advantages of Frame Structures
One of the best advantages of frame structures is
their ease in construction. it is very east to teach the
labor at the construction site.
Frame structures can be constructed rapidly.
Economy is also very important factor in the design of
building systems. Frame structures have economical
designs.
Disadvantages of Frames:
In frames structures, span lengths are usually
restricted to 40 ft when normal reinforced concrete.
Other wise spans greater than that, can cause lateral
deflections.
Comparison of Frame structures with Normal Load bearing
Traditional High Rise Building
Selection of frame structures for the high rise building is due to their versatility and advantages over
the normal traditional load bearing structures. These include the following:

Actually the performance of load bearing structures is usually dependent on the mass of structures. To
fulfill this requirement of load bearing structures, there is the need of increase in volume of structural
elements (walls, slab). This increase in volume of the structural elements leads toward the
construction of thick wall. Due to such a type of construction, labor and construction cost increases. in
construction of thick wall there will be the need of great attention, which will further reduce the speed
of construction.

If we make the contrast of load bearing structures with the framed structures, framed structures
appear to be more flexible, economical and can carry the heavy loads. Frame structures can be
rehabilitated at any time. Different services can be provided in frame structures. Thus the frame
structures are flexible in use.

You might also like