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PPG Lesson 2

Political ideologies are belief systems that provide perspectives on the proper role of government and how society should be organized. They have goals for how society should work and methods for achieving those goals. Some major ideologies discussed include democracy, where political power comes from the people; communism, which advocates collective ownership and a planned economy; capitalism, based on private ownership and free market exchange; and authoritarian ideologies like absolutism, dictatorship, and totalitarianism that concentrate power in the state.

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361 views22 pages

PPG Lesson 2

Political ideologies are belief systems that provide perspectives on the proper role of government and how society should be organized. They have goals for how society should work and methods for achieving those goals. Some major ideologies discussed include democracy, where political power comes from the people; communism, which advocates collective ownership and a planned economy; capitalism, based on private ownership and free market exchange; and authoritarian ideologies like absolutism, dictatorship, and totalitarianism that concentrate power in the state.

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Lucille Maye Arce
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POLITICAL

IDEOLOGIES
THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL

IDEOLOGIES
A political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, or
doctrines of a social movement, institution, or large group that
explains how society should work, and offers certain political and
cultural blueprint for a social order. Substantially, it is concerned with
how to allocate power and to what end it should be used.
THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL
 IDEOLOGIES
Political ideologies are beliefs systems that provide people with a perspective on the
proper role of elected officials, which types of public policies should be prioritized, and
how the various elements of society should be arranged. Whether or not they realize it,
most people possess a definitive political ideology. A political theory does not arise in a
vacuum. A political ideology is usually the product of series of beliefs about how human
beings are, how they acquire knowledge, how they should interact with each other, and
how they should be governed.
THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL

IDEOLOGIES
Political ideologies have two dimensions:

 Goals: how society should be organized and

 Methods: the most appropriate to achieve this goal. The concurrence


of the two is essential to achieve the legitimate interests in the society.
ABSOLUTISM
 System where the rulers have unlimited control. The essence
of an absolutist system is that the ruling power is not subject
to regularized challenge or check by any other agency, be it
judicial, legislative, religious, economic, or electoral.
ANARCHISM
 Society without government laws, police, or other authority. It is a
political ideology that advocates self-governed societies based on
voluntary institutions. These are often described as stateless societies,
although several authors have defined them more specifically as
institutions based on non-hierarchical free associations.
ARISTOCRACY
 Supreme political power is in the hands of one person whose
decision are unregulated. In earlier times, “autocrat” was
coined as a favorable feature of the ruler, having some
connection to the concept of “lack of conflicts of interests.”
CAPITALISM
 The term capitalist, meaning an owner of capital. Capitalist
is derived from capital, which evolved from capitale, a late
Latin word based on caput, meaning “head” – also the
origin of chattel and cattle in the sense of movable property.
COMMUNISM
 Collective ownership and a planned economy. Each should work to
their capability and receive according to their needs. Communism is
the result of the process by which workers, the proletariat, overthrow
their capitalist and bourgeois masters and take control means of
production.
COMMUNISM
 Collective ownership and a planned economy. Each should work to
their capability and receive according to their needs. Communism is
the result of the process by which workers, the proletariat, overthrow
their capitalist and bourgeois masters and take control means of
production.
CONSERVATISM
 Collective ownership and a planned economy. Each should work to
their capability and receive according to their needs. Communism is
the result of the process by which workers, the proletariat, overthrow
their capitalist and bourgeois masters and take control means of
production.
DEMOCRACY
 The term “democracy” first appeared in ancient Greek political
philosophical thought in the city-state of Athens. The word comes from
demos, “common people”, and kratos, strength. No consensus exists on
how to define democracy, but legal equality, political freedom, and rule of
law have been identified as its important characteristics.
DICTATORSHIP
 Government by a single person with absolute control over the resources of the
state. It is a form of government in which one person, or a small group possesses
absolute power without effective constitutional limitations. The term dictatorship
come from the Latin title dictator, which in the Roman Republic designated a
temporary magistrate who was granted extraordinary powers to deal with state
crisis.
EGALITARIANISM
1.Belief where all citizens have equal rights and privileges. It is
a belief in human equality, especially with respect to social,
political, and economic rights and privileged, and advocates
the removal of inequalities among people and of
discrimination.
FASCISM
 It is an authoritarian or totalitarian nationalist political
ideology. Fascists seek to organize a nation according to
corporatist perspectives, values, and systems, including the
political system and the economy.
LIBERALISM
 Representative government, free-speech, abolition of class
privilege, and state protection of the individual. Liberals
typically believe that government is necessary to protect
individuals from being harmed by other; but they also
recognize the government itself can pose a threat to liberty.
MARXISM
 Developed by Marx and Engels, it proposes that all is
subject to change and resistance to change necessitates the
overthrow of the system through class struggle. The
economic system determines other features of a society,
including political structure.
OLIGARCHY
 A system of government in which virtually all power is held a small
number of wealthy people who shape policy to benefit themselves.
Aristotle used the term oligarchia to designate the rule of the law
when it was exercised not by the best but by bad men unjustly. In this
sense, oligarchy is a debased form of aristocracy, which denotes
government by the few in which power is vested in the best
individuals.
POPULISM
 Collective noun for the ideologies which demand the
redistribution of political power and economic leadership to
the common people. The term populism can designate either
democratic or authoritarian movements.
SOCIALISM
 Left-wing political system where the principle means of production,
distribution and exchange are in common ownership. In its early
forms, socialism was a reaction against the stark inequality and
misery produced by the Industrial Revolution and emerging
capitalist economies, where those with property had political voice
but those without were open to exploitation and oppression.
THEOCRACY
 Rule by the church. From the beginning of recorded history
until the Enlightenment theocratic ideas shaped most
governments. Theocracies declined in number in the
Twentieth Century, but the secularist Cold War struggle
renewed theocratic impulses. Hopes for a political system
will be truly just universal.
TOTALITARIANISM
 Government control of all activities. It is political system in which
the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate
every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. A
totalitarian regime attempts to control virtually all aspects of social
life, including the economy, education, art, science, private life, and
morals of citizens.

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