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Some Applications of Differential Equations in RL-RC Electrical Circuit

Differential equations can be used to model some RL-RC electrical circuit problems. For an RL circuit, the differential equation is Ldi/dt = V(t) - Ri. For an RC circuit, the differential equation is Cdq/dt + q/R = V(t). These first order differential equations can be solved to find the current i in an RL circuit or the charge q in an RC circuit over time given the circuit parameters and applied voltage V(t).

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Arindam Mondal
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1K views12 pages

Some Applications of Differential Equations in RL-RC Electrical Circuit

Differential equations can be used to model some RL-RC electrical circuit problems. For an RL circuit, the differential equation is Ldi/dt = V(t) - Ri. For an RC circuit, the differential equation is Cdq/dt + q/R = V(t). These first order differential equations can be solved to find the current i in an RL circuit or the charge q in an RC circuit over time given the circuit parameters and applied voltage V(t).

Uploaded by

Arindam Mondal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Some applications of

differential equations in RL-


RC electrical circuit problems
NAME: ARINDAM MONDAL
REG. NO: 200301190006
BRANCH: MI 1 SEM
st

Guided By-----
Balaji Padhay Sir
CONCEPTS
►Simple Electric circuits
►Elements of Electric circuits
►Kirchhoff’s voltage laws
►RL-RC circuit’s differential equation forms
►RL-RC circuit problems
►Conclusion
SIMPLE ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
The simplest electric circuit is a series circuit in which we have a source of
electric energy(electromagnetic force) such as a genarater or a battery and a
resister which used energy.
If we close the switch, a current I will flow through the resister, and this
will cause a voltage drop.
The electric potential at two ends of a resister will be different. This
potential different or voltage drop can be measured by voltameter.

The voltage drop ER across a resister ie proportional to the instantaneous


current I.
ie. ER=RI----- 1
Where “R” is called resistance of the resister.
The other two important elements in more complicated circuits are
“inducters” and “capacitors”.
An inducter opposes a charge in current.
The voltage drop EL across an inducter is proportional to the
instantaneous time rate of the charge of the current I.
ie. EL=L-----2
Where the constant of proportionaly L is called the inductance of the
inducter.
A capasitor is an element the stores energy.
The voltage drop EC across a capacitor is proportional to the
3
instantaneous electric charge Q on the capacitor.
ie. EC= ----- 4
Where “C” is called the capacitance. Since, I(t)=-----
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

NAME SYMBOL NOTATION UNIT VOLTAGE DROP


Ohm’s resistor R ohm(Ω) RI
Inducter L henrys(H) L
Capacitor C farads(F)
KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW
KVL: The algebraic sum of all the instantaneous voltage drops around any closed loop is zero.

KCL: At any point of a circuit, the sum of the inflowing current’s is equal to the sum of the
outflowing current.
RL CIRCUIT: From equation 1 and 2 and the Kirchhoff’s voltage law we
get,
LRI= E(t)-----
5
Which is a first order linear differential equation. Equation 5 reduces to,

The above equation’s solution can be find out by LDE method.


RC CIRCUIT: From equition 1 and 3 and Kirchhoff’s voltage law we get,
RI+=E(t)
R+I=
+=
The above equation’s solution also can be find out by LDE method.
RL CIRCUIT PROBLERM:
Q. A series RL circuit with R=50Ω and L=10H has a constant voltage V=100V at
t=0. After closure of switch find current in the circuit at t=0.5sec.
A. From KVL law, -iR-L +v=0
or, v=L +iR
or,
or,
or, = [t]
or, = at t=0.5 sec,
or, ln||= i= 1- )
or, 1- = =1.84 A
or, (1- ) =i
RC CIRCUIT PROBLEM:
Q.A series RC circuit with R = 5 W and C = 0.02 F is connected with a battery of E =
100 V. At t = 0, the voltage across the capacitor is zero.(a) Obtain the subsequent
voltage across the capacitor.(b) As t → ∞, find the charge in the capacitor.
A.We know; Ri  1 idt  v10t
c
We obtain; R dq  1 q  v
dt c
dq 1
On substituting we get; dt 0.02 q  100
5 
dq
  10q  20
dt
We can solve this differential equation as a linear differential equation;
e10 t
I.F=
So by solving we get,
q  2  ke 10t
now since q=0,this gives; k=-2
10t
So,q= 2(1  e )
As t ∞
q=2c 1
Now, Vc=  idt
c
 100(1  e10t )
For comparision,here is the solution of dE using variables separable,
dq
 10(2  q)
dt
dq
 10dt
2q
 ln 2  q  10t  k
Since t=0,q=0,we have k=-ln2.
so,
 ln 2  q  10t  ln 2
 ln 2  ln 2  q  10t
2q
 e 10 t
2
2  q  2e 10 t
q  2(1  e 10 t )

CONCLUSION
By using first order ordinary differential equation in L-R and C-R circuit we
can find the current(i) and voltage (v) in the circuit when inductance (L) or
capacitance(C) and resistance (R) are given in a close circuit.
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