EVS PPT Air Pollution

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES,MLSU
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
TOPIC – AIR POLLUTION
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Prerna Bhati 1. Harit Suhalka
2. Harsh Panwar
3. Himanshi Taly
4. Kajal Saini
5. Kalpesh Kalal
6. Kalyani Nandwana
Atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer or
a set of layers of gases
surrounding a planet or
other material body, that is
held in place by the gravity
of that body.
Components of Atmosphere
 Nitrogen — 78 percent.
 Oxygen — 21 percent.
 Argon — 0.93 percent.
 Carbon dioxide — 0.04 percent.
 Trace amounts of neon, helium, methane, krypton and
hydrogen, as well as water vapor.
Air Pollution
Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that
are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole.
What is Air Pollution
 Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere
that are harmful to the health of humans and other living
beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials
 Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air
 There are different types of air pollutants, such as gases,
particulates, and biological molecules.

Sources of air pollutants
 Automobiles
 Industries
 Domestic Sources
 Tobacco Smoke
 Miscellaneous
Five major Pollutants
 Carbon Monoxide
 Sulphur Dioxide
 Nitrogen Dioxide
 Particulate matter
 Ground Level Ozone

Carbon Monoxide
 Colorless, odorless gas product of incomplete combustion of
carbon containing materials, such AS, IN automobiles
industrial process , heating facilities
 Some widespread natural non biological and viological
sources have also been identified
 Concentration in urban areas depend on weather and traffic
density
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
 Sulphur dioxide is a
colorless gas with a
pungent, suffocating smell.
 Produced by burning
Sulphur-containing fuels
 such as coal and oil
 This includes vehicles,
power generation and

heating
Nitrogen Dioxide
What is nitrogen dioxide (NO2)? Where does NO2 come from
 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen  Man-made sources of nitrogen

dioxide is a gas and is a major oxides, including nitrogen
component of urban air dioxide, are vehicles, power
pollution stations and heating.
 Diesel vehicles are major
contributors in urban areas
Particulate Matter
What is Particulate Matter? Source
Particulate matter is a mix of Man-made particulate matter

solids and liquids like mainly comes from industry,
 Carbon building work
 Complex organic chemicals
 diesel and petrol engines and
 Sulphate dust from road surfaces
 Natural sources of particulate
 Nitrates
matter include volcanoes, sea
 Mineral dust spray, pollen and soil
 Water suspended in the air  Friction from Brakes and Tyres
Ozone (O3)
 Ozone is a gas composed of 3
atoms of oxygen.
 In upper level of atmosphere,
absorbs harmful ultraviolet

radiation.
 Ozone is a secondary pollutant
that is also a greenhouse gas.

 On ground level it harms living
beings
 Main Ingredient in SMOG
These FIVE Together Form
SMOG
SMOG
 Smog is combination of
words smoke and fog
 There are two types
Reducing smog
characterized by Sulphur
dioxide and particulate
matter.
Photochemical smog
characterized by ozone and
other oxidants
Does air pollution affect HUMAN
 High air pollution levels can cause immediate health problems
 Aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness
 Added stress to heart and lungs, which must work harder to
supply the body with oxygen
 Damaged cells in the respiratory system

Does air pollution affect HUMAN
 Long-term exposure can have permanent health effects

 Accelerated aging of the lungs
 Loss of lung capacity and decreased lung function
 Development of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis,
emphysema, and possibly cancer
 Shortened life span
Does Air Pollution affect WILDLIFE
 Wildlife affected by air pollution Acid Rain ( formed in the air )
destroys fish life in lakes and streams
 Excessive ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun through the
ozone layer in the upper atmosphere which is eroded by some air

pollutants , may cause skin cancer in wildlife.
 Ozone in the lower atmosphere may damage lung tissues of animals .
 Toxic pollutants in the air , or deposited on soils or surface waters ,
can impact wildlife in a number of ways.

 Like humans , animals can experience health problems if they are
exposed to sufficient concentration of air toxics over time.

Does air pollution affect WILDLIFE
 Air toxics are contributing to birth defects , reproductive failure , and
diseases in animals
 Persistent toxic air pollutants ( those that break down slowly in the
environment) are of particular concern in aquatic ecosystems. * pollutants
get deposited on the vegetation, into the soil, or surface waters, animals
feeding and drinking from these sources ingest harmful chemicals as well
Does air pollution affect Earth?
Ozone and acid rain (which is created by sulfate and NO2 pollution,
largely from fossil fuel burning), also affects other kinds of vegetation,
forests and even pollination. Ozone can damage plant cells and
negatively affect photosynthesis, while particulate matter can reduce
the amount of sunlight that reaches plants and food crops.
Soils- Acid precipitation can alter the chemistry of the soil, which, in
turn, can affect plant growth and water quality in a number of ways. As
soils become more acidic, their ability to retain many essential
nutrients, minerals and elements, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium
(Mg) and potassium (K), decreases. As a result, these nutrients,
minerals and elements are transported, or leached, by water that flows
through the soil, making them less available for land organisms to use.
How we can CONTROL Air Pollution?
 Using public transports
Using public transport is a sure short way of contributing to less air
pollution as it provides with less gas and energy, even carpools contribute
to it.
 Recycle and Reuse
The concept of recycle and reuse is not just conserve resources and use
them judicially but also is helpful for air pollution as it helps in reducing
pollution emissions. The recycled products also take less power to make
other products.
 Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner
The usage of AC’s takes a lot of energy and emits a lot of heat which is
bad for the environment.
How we can CONTROL Air Pollution?
 Use filters for chimneys
The gas that is emitted from fireplaces in homes and factories are
extremely dangerous for air pollution and harms the air quality
severely. The use of filters should be used at least if the consumption
couldn’t be lessened
 Avoid usage of crackers
The use of crackers during festivals and weddings is sadly one of

the biggest contributors to air pollution
 Avoid using of products with chemicals
Products that use the chemicals in their usage or smell strongly,

like paints or perfumes should be used less or outside the house
AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI)
 The AQI is an index for reporting daily air quality.
 It tells you how clean or polluted your air is, and what associated health
effects might be a concern for you.
 The AQI focuses on health effects you may experience within a few hours
or days after breathing polluted air.
 EPA calculates the AQI for five major air pollutants regulated by the Clean
Air Act: ground-level ozone, particle pollution (also known as particulate
matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide.
Air quality index
 For each of these pollutants, EPA has established national air quality
standards to protect public health .
 Ground-level ozone and airborne particles are the two pollutants that
pose the greatest threat to human health in this country.
 Different countries have their own air quality indices, corresponding to
different national air quality standards. Some of these are the Air
Quality Health Index (Canada), the Air Pollution Index (Malaysia), and
the Pollutant Standards Index (Singapore)
Laws
 Air (prevention and control of pollution Act, 1981
 Air(Prevention and control of pollution) Amendment Act, 1987
 Motor Vehicle Act, 1988
 Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Rules, Union
Territories
Case study: Bhopal gas tragedy
 The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas
tragedy, was a gas leak incident on the night of 2–3 December
1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant
in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered among the
world's worst industrial disasters. Over 500,000 people were
exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas. The highly toxic
substance made its way into and around the small towns
located near the plant.
Case study: Bhopal gas tragedy
Thank You

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FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES,MLSU

particulates, and biological molecules.

 Ground Level Ozone

power generation and

 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen  Man-made sources of nitrogen

Particulate matter is a mix of Man-made particulate matter

absorbs harmful ultraviolet

that is also a greenhouse gas.

 High air pollution levels can cause immediate health problems

 Aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness

 Added stress to heart and lungs, which must work harder to

supply the body with oxygen

 Damaged cells in the respiratory system

 Long-term exposure can have permanent health effects

ozone layer in the upper atmosphere which is eroded by some air

 Toxic pollutants in the air , or deposited on soils or surface waters ,

can impact wildlife in a number of ways.

exposed to sufficient concentration of air toxics over time.

environment) are of particular concern in aquatic ecosystems. * pollutants

The use of crackers during festivals and weddings is sadly one of

Products that use the chemicals in their usage or smell strongly,

 Air (prevention and control of pollution Act, 1981

 Air(Prevention and control of pollution) Amendment Act, 1987

 Motor Vehicle Act, 1988

 Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Rules, Union

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