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Chapter 4 - Mobile Computing - Technology

This document provides an overview of mobile computing and wireless telecommunications networks. It describes the mobile computing environment including devices like smartphones and PDAs. It also discusses wireless network types like personal area networks, Wi-Fi networks, and wireless wide area networks. Finally, it covers mobile computing services and technologies like short message service, multimedia messaging service, and wireless communication standards.

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Azri Saiful
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
132 views51 pages

Chapter 4 - Mobile Computing - Technology

This document provides an overview of mobile computing and wireless telecommunications networks. It describes the mobile computing environment including devices like smartphones and PDAs. It also discusses wireless network types like personal area networks, Wi-Fi networks, and wireless wide area networks. Finally, it covers mobile computing services and technologies like short message service, multimedia messaging service, and wireless communication standards.

Uploaded by

Azri Saiful
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Mobile Computing and Technology


and Pervasive Computing
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the mobile computing environment that
supports m-commerce (devices, software, services).
2. Describe the four major types of wireless
telecommunications networks.
3. Define mobile commerce and understand its
relationship to e-commerce.
4. Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and
fundamental drivers of m-commerce.
5. Discuss m-commerce applications in finance,
shopping, advertising, and provision of content.
6. Describe the application of m-commerce within
organizations.

9-2
Learning Objectives
7. Understand B2B and supply chain
management applications of m-commerce.
8. Describe consumer and personal
applications of m-commerce.
9. Understand the technologies and potential
application of location-based m-commerce.
10. Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of
m-commerce.
11. Discuss the key characteristics and current
uses of pervasive computing.

9-3
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 New Computing Environment: Mobile
Computing
 Mobile devices
 personal digital assistant (PDA)
A handheld computer principally used for personal
information management
 smartphone
Internet-enabled cell phone that can support mobile
applications
 Blackberry
A handheld device principally used for e-mail

9-4
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services

9-5
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Conversion of devices
These handheld devices blend blogging, Instant
Messages, SMS, and other forms of social
networking in which Web browsing is easy,
especially with a full keyboard
 wireless mobile computing (mobile
computing)
Computing that connects a mobile device to
a network or another computing device,
anytime, anywhere

9-6
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Enabling Technologies for Mobile
Computing
 Hardware and software infrastructures that
support the wireless connection include
Network access points
Mobile communications server switches
Cellular transmitters and receivers

9-7
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Mobile Computing Software
 Mobile operating system
 Mobile application user interface
 microbrowser
Wireless Web browser designed to operate with
small screens and limited bandwidth and memory
requirements
 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
A suite of network protocols designed to enable
different kinds of wireless devices to access WAP
readable files on an Internet-connected Web server

9-8
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services

9-9
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Markup languages
Wireless Markup Language (WML)
A scripting language used to create content in the
WAP environment; based on XML, minus
unnecessary content to increase speed
Compact Hypertext Markup Language (cHTML)
A scripting language used to create content in
i-mode

9-10
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
(xHTML)
A general scripting language; compatible
with HTML; a standard set by W3
Consortium
 voice XML (VXML)
An extension of XML designed to
accommodate voice

9-11
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Supporting devices
synchronization
The exchange of updated information with other
computing devices
Docking stations
Attachable keyboards
Batteries
Media players

9-12
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Mobile Computing Services
 Short Message Service (SMS)
A service that supports the sending and
receiving of short text messages on mobile
phones
 Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS)
An extension of SMS that can send simple
animation, tiny pictures, sounds, and
formatted text

9-13
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
The emerging generation of wireless
messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich
media
 micropayments
Electronic payments for small-purchase
amounts (generally less than $10)

9-14
Mobile Computing:
Content, Infrastructure, and Services
 Location-based services
 global positioning system (GPS)
A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables
users to determine their position anywhere on the earth
 Voice-support services
 interactive voice response (IVR)
A voice system that enables users to request and receive
information and to enter and change data through a
telephone to a computerized system
 voice portal
A Web site with an audio interface that can be accessed
through a telephone call

9-15
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 personal area network (PAN)


A wireless telecommunications network
for device-to-device connections within a
very short range
 Bluetooth
A set of telecommunications standards
that enables wireless devices to
communicate with each other over short
distances

9-16
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 Wireless Local Area Networks and Wi-fi


 wireless local area network (WLAN)
A telecommunications network that enables
users to make short-range wireless
connections to the Internet or another
network
 Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
The common name used to describe the
IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs

9-17
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 802.11b
The most popular Wi-Fi standard; it is inexpensive
and offers sufficient speed for most devices;
however, interference can be a problem
 802.11a
This Wi-Fi standard is faster than 802.11b but has a
smaller range
 802.11g
This fast but expensive Wi-Fi standard is mostly
used in businesses

9-18
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 wireless access point


An antenna that connects a mobile device
to a wired LAN
 hotspot
An area or point where a wireless device
can make a connection to a wireless local
area network (using Wi-Fi)

9-19
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

9-20
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 Municipal Wi-fi Networks


 WiMax
A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making
broadband network connections over a medium
size area such as a city
 wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN)
A telecommunications network that enables users
to make medium-range wireless connections to the
Internet or another network

9-21
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

9-22
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 WIRELESS WIDE AREA NETWORKS


 wireless wide area network (WWAN)
A telecommunications network that offers wireless
coverage over a large geographical area, typically
over a cellular phone network
 Physical topology of a WWAN
 subscriber identification module (SIM) card
An extractable storage card used for identification,
customer location information, transaction processing,
secure communications, etc.

9-23
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 WWAN communication bandwidths


1G
The first generation of wireless technology,
which was analog based
2G
The second generation of digital wireless
technology; accommodates voice and text
2.5G
An interim wireless technology that can
accommodate voice, text, and limited graphics

9-24
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 3G
The third generation of digital wireless technology;
supports rich media such as video
 3.5G
This generation was inserted into the ranks of cell
phone generations; it refers to the packet-switched
technologies used to achieve higher transmission
speeds
 4G
The expected next generation of wireless
technology that will provide faster display of
multimedia

9-25
Wireless Telecommunications Networks

 WWAN communication protocols


Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
 WWAN network systems
Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM)
An open, nonproprietary standard for mobile
voice and data communications

9-26
Mobile Commerce:
Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
 mobile commerce (m-commerce,
m-business)
Any business activity conducted over a
wireless telecommunications network or from
mobile devices
 Attributes of M-Commerce
 Ubiquity
 Convenience
 Interactivity
 Personalization
 Localization

9-27
Mobile Commerce:
Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers

9-28
Mobile Commerce:
Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
 Drivers of M-Commerce
 Widespread availability of more powerful devices
 The handset culture
 The service economy
 Vendor’s push
 The mobile workforce
 Increased mobility
 Improved price/performance
 Improvement of bandwidth

9-29
Mobile Financial Applications

 Mobile Banking and Financial Services


 Customers can use their mobile handsets to access
account balances, pay bills, and transfer funds
using SMS
 Wireless Electronic Payment Systems
 Wireless payment systems transform mobile
phones into secure, self-contained purchasing
support tools capable of instantly authorizing
payments over the cellular network
 m-wallet (mobile wallet)
Technologies that enable cardholders to make
purchases with a single click from their wireless
device

9-30
Mobile Shopping,
Advertising, and Content

 Wireless Shopping
 An increasing number of online vendors
allow customers to shop from wireless
devices, especially cell phones and PDAs
 Mobile and Targeted Advertising
 Knowing the real-time location of mobile
users and their preferences or surfing
habits, marketers can send user-specific
advertising messages to wireless devices

9-31
Mobile Shopping,
Advertising, and Content

 mobile portal
A customer interaction channel that
aggregates content and services for
mobile users

9-32
Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain

 Support of Mobile Employees


 Mobile office
 sales force mobilization
The process of equipping sales force
employees with wireless Internet-enabled
computing devices
 Worker support in retailing
 Support in hospitals
 Support in operations

9-33
Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain

 Tracking employees
 Job dispatch
 Maintenance and repair at remote sites
 wearable devices
Mobile wireless computing devices,
attached to various parts of employees, for
employees who work on buildings and other
climbable workplaces

9-34
Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain

 Supporting Other Types of Work


 Customer and Partner Support
 Non–Internet Enterprise Applications
 B2B M-Commerce and Supply Chain
Management

9-35
Mobile Personal
and Consumer Service Applications

 Mobile Entertainment
 Mobile games and gambling
 Hands-free driving
 Wireless Telemedicine
 Other Mobile Computing Services for
Consumers
 Non–Internet Mobile Applications for
Consumers

9-36
Location-Based Mobile Commerce

 location-based m-commerce (l-commerce)


Delivery of m-commerce transactions to
individuals in a specific location, at a specific
time
 The services provided through location-
based m-commerce focus on five key factors:
1. Location
2. Navigation
3. Tracking
4. Mapping
5. Timing

9-37
Location-Based Mobile Commerce

 The Technology For L-Commerce


 Global positioning system
 geographical information system (GIS)
A computer system capable of integrating,
storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and
displaying geographically-referenced
(spatial) information
 GPS/GIS applications

9-38
Location-Based Mobile Commerce

 Location-Based Advertising
 Emergency Response Cell Phone
Calls
wireless 911 (e-911)
In the United States, emergency response
system that processes calls from cellular phones
automatic crash notification (ACN)
Device that automatically sends the police the
location of a vehicle that has been involved in a
crash

9-39
Location-Based Mobile Commerce

 telematics
The integration of computers and
wireless communications to improve
information flow using the principles of
telemetry
 Other Applications of Location-Based
Systems

9-40
Location-Based Mobile Commerce

 Barriers to Location-Based
M-Commerce
 Accuracy of devices
 The cost-benefit justification
 Limited network bandwidth
 Invasion of privacy

9-41
Security and Other
Implementation Issues in M-Commerce

 M-Commerce Security Issues


 Malicious codes
 Transaction security
 Wireless communication
 Physical security of mobile devices
 Ease of use and poor security
 Security measures

9-42
Security and Other
Implementation Issues in M-Commerce
 Technological Barriers to
M-Commerce
 Many Web sites are not designed for
viewing by mobile devices
 Current devices have limited usability,
particularly with respect to pocketsize
screens or data input devices
 Quick and easy navigation of sites is
necessary but not always available in the
mobile environment

9-43
Security and Other
Implementation Issues in M-Commerce

 Ethical, Legal, and Health Issues in M-


Commerce
 Barriers for Enterprise Mobile
Computing
 Project Failures in M-Commerce

9-44
Pervasive Computing

 pervasive computing
Invisible, everywhere computing that is
embedded in the objects around us
 Invisible computing
 Principles of pervasive computing
Decentralization
Diversification
Connectivity
Simplicity

9-45
Pervasive Computing

 contextual computing
The enhancement of a user’s
interactions by understanding the user,
the context, and the applications and
information required
 radio frequency identification (RFID)
Technology that uses radio waves to
identify items

9-46
Pervasive Computing

9-47
Pervasive Computing

 RFID Applications
Track moving vehicles
Track people
Track individual items
Protect secure areas
Record transactions
 Electronic Product Code (EPC)
An RFID code that identifies the
manufacturer, producer, version, and serial
number of individual consumer products

9-48
Pervasive Computing

 Smart Applications: Homes, Cars, and


More
 Smart homes
Lighting
Energy management
Water control
Home security and communications
Home entertainment

9-49
Pervasive Computing

 Smart cars
 sensor network
A series of interconnected sensors that
monitor the environment in which they are
placed
 Barriers to Pervasive Computing
 A number of technological, legal, and ethical
issues still need to be fully explored and
resolved if the promises of pervasive
computing are to be realized

9-50
Managerial Issues

1. What’s our timetable?


2. Which applications first?
3. Is it real or just a buzzword?
4. Which system to use?
5. Is an all-in-one device a winner?
6. Which will win the wireless race:
WiMax, Wi-Fi, or 3G?

9-51

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