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The document describes common network topologies including bus, ring, star, and mesh. It explains the characteristics of each such as connections between nodes, advantages like scalability, and disadvantages like single points of failure. Choosing a topology depends on factors like the network's size, expected growth, and need for easy troubleshooting or adding/removing devices. Hybrid topologies combine elements of the basic topologies.

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59 views20 pages

Lec 2 0

The document describes common network topologies including bus, ring, star, and mesh. It explains the characteristics of each such as connections between nodes, advantages like scalability, and disadvantages like single points of failure. Choosing a topology depends on factors like the network's size, expected growth, and need for easy troubleshooting or adding/removing devices. Hybrid topologies combine elements of the basic topologies.

Uploaded by

madhavi gulhane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Topologies

Objectives

Describe the basic and hybrid LAN physical


topologies, and their uses, advantages and
disadvantages.

Describe the backbone structures that form the


foundation for most LANs
Simple Physical Topologies
Physical topology: physical layout of nodes on a
network
Four fundamental shapes:
Bus
Ring
Star
Mesh
May create hybrid topologies
Topology integral to type of network, cabling
infrastructure, and transmission media used
Why we need a topology
Choosing one topology over another can impact :
type of equipment the network needs
capabilities of the equipment
network’s growth
way a network is managed
Bus
Simple Physical Topologies
A Bustopology consists of a single cable—called a
backbone— connecting all nodes on a network without
intervening connectivity devices

CSC1202-2013 (c) Nouf AlJaffan


Bus (continued)
Devices share
responsibility for getting
data from one point to
another
Terminators stop signals
after reaching end of wire
Prevent signal bounce
Inexpensive, not very
scalable
Difficult to troubleshoot,
not fault-tolerant
CSC1202-2013 (c) Nouf AlJaffan
Bus
Advantages Disadvantage
Works well for small Management costs can
networks be high
Easy to install Network disruption
Relatively inexpensive when computers are
to implement added or removed
A break in the cable will
prevent all systems from
accessing the network.
Difficult to troubleshoot
Ring
Simple Physical Topologies
 Ring topology
 Each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so the entire network forms a circle
 One method for passing data on ring networks is token passing
 Data travels around the network
 Traffic flows in one direction
 Slow performance
 One workstation goes down; whole network goes down
 Network is highly dependent
Ring
Advantages Disadvantage
Cable faults are easily Expensive
located, making Requires more cable
troubleshooting easier and network equipment
Ring networks are at the start
Expansion to the
moderately easy to
network can cause
install
network disruption
A single break in the
cable can disrupt the
entire network
Star
Simple Physical Topologies
Star topology
Every node on the network is connected through a
central device called hub or switch.
Star (continued)
Any single cable connects only two devices
Cabling problems affect two nodes at most
Requires more cabling than ring or bus networks
More fault-tolerant
Easily moved, isolated, or interconnected with other
networks
Scalable
Supports max of 1024 addressable nodes on logical
network
Star
Advantages Disadvantage
Good option for modern Hub is a single point of
networks failure
Low startup costs Requires more cable
Easy to manage than the bus
Offers opportunities for
expansion
Most popular topology
in use; wide variety of
equipment available
Mesh
Simple Physical Topologies
Mesh Topology: Each computer connects to every
other.
High level of redundancy.
Rarely used.
 Wiring is very complicated
 Cabling cost is high
 Troubleshooting a failed cable is tricky
 A variation hybrid mesh – create point to point
connection between specific network devices, often
seen in WAN implementation.
Mesh
Advantages Disadvantage
Robust  Requires more cable than
There is the advantage of the other LAN topologies
 Complicated
privacy or security
The network can be
implementation
Installation and
expanded without reconnection are difficult.
disruption to current uses Sheer bulk of wiring can be
Point to point links make greater than the available
fault identification and space can accommodate
Expensive
fault isolation easy
Hybrid Physical Topologies
• One example of Hybrid Topology is Tree topology
• Tree topology is a combination of Bus and Star topology.
• It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a
linear bus backbone cable.
• If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down
• An example of this network could be cable TV technology
Choosing a Topology
 BUS
 network is small
 network will not be frequently reconfigured
 least expensive solution is required
 network is not expected to grow much
 STAR
 it must be easy to add/remove PCs
 it must be easy to troubleshoot
 network is large
 network is expected to grow in the future
 RING
 network must operate reasonably under heavy load
 higher speed network is required
 network will not be frequently reconfigured

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