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    Economics of Power Generation

    Uploaded by

    Kimberly Jade Villaganas
    1. Thermal, nuclear, hydroelectric, gas turbine, and geothermal are the main types of power plants that produce electricity in bulk quantities. 2. Thermal power plants, which use fossil fuels like coal and natural gas, generate over 80% of the world's electricity. 3. Load duration curves are useful tools for planning power plant capacity and operations, by showing electricity demand levels over different time periods. The area under the annual curve represents total yearly energy supplied.

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    Economics of Power Generation

    Uploaded by

    Kimberly Jade Villaganas
    47 views32 pages
    1. Thermal, nuclear, hydroelectric, gas turbine, and geothermal are the main types of power plants that produce electricity in bulk quantities. 2. Thermal power plants, which use fossil fuels like coal and natural gas, generate over 80% of the world's electricity. 3. Load duration curves are useful tools for planning power plant capacity and operations, by showing electricity demand levels over different time periods. The area under the annual curve represents total yearly energy supplied.

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    1. Thermal, nuclear, hydroelectric, gas turbine, and geothermal are the main types of power plants that produce electricity in bulk quantities. 2. Thermal power plants, which use fossil fuels like coal and natural gas, generate over 80% of the world's electricity. 3. Load duration curves are useful tools for planning power plant capacity and operations, by showing electricity demand levels over different time periods. The area under the annual curve represents total yearly energy supplied.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views32 pages

    Economics of Power Generation

    Uploaded by

    Kimberly Jade Villaganas
    1. Thermal, nuclear, hydroelectric, gas turbine, and geothermal are the main types of power plants that produce electricity in bulk quantities. 2. Thermal power plants, which use fossil fuels like coal and natural gas, generate over 80% of the world's electricity. 3. Load duration curves are useful tools for planning power plant capacity and operations, by showing electricity demand levels over different time periods. The area under the annual curve represents total yearly energy supplied.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Economics of Power

    Generation
    Variable Load Problems
    Economics of Power Generation
    Electricity is the only form of energy which is easy to
    produce, easy to transport, easy to use, and easy to
    control.

    Electricity consumption per capita is the index of the


    living standard of people of a place or country.
    Economics of Power Generation
    Electricity in bulk quantities is produced in power plants,
    which can be of the following types:
    1. Thermal

    2. Nuclear

    3. Hydraulic (hydroelectric)

    4. Gas turbine

    5. Geothermal
    Economics of Power Generation
    Thermal power plants generate more than 80 % of the total
    electricity produced in the world. Fossil fuels (coal, fuel
    oil, and natural gas) are the energy source, and steam is
    the working fluid.

    Steam is also required in many industries for process heat.


    To meet the dual need of power and process heat,
    cogeneration plants are often installed.
    Economics of Power Generation

    It is found that the demand for electricity bears a linear


    relationship with the gross national product (GNP) of a
    country.

    Projection of future demand of electricity is thus tied to


    estimates of economic growth of the concerned region.
    Load-Duration Curves

    When planning a power plant, the two basic parameters to


    be decided are:

    1. Total power output to be installed (kWinst).

    2. Size of the generating units.


    Load-Duration Curves

    The total installed capacity required can be determined


    from:

    1. First demand (kWmax) estimated.

    2. Growth of demand anticipated.

    3. Reserve capacity required.


    Load-Duration Curves
    The size of the generating units will depend on:
    1. Variation of load (load curve) during 24 hours
    (summer, winter, weekdays, holidays).

    2. Total capacity of units connected to the electric grid.

    3. Minimum start-up and shut-down periods of the units.

    4. Maintenance program planned.

    5. Plant efficiency vs. size of unit.

    6. Price and space demand per kW vs. size of unit.


    Load-Duration Curves
    For estimating the expected maximum load, the most
    useful tool is the construction of a hypothetical load
    curve.

    We can show a typical hourly load curve in a metropolitan


    area, from which the maximum demand can be
    estimated.
    Curves of total load in a metropolitan area
    Several factors used in the electricity supply
    industry
    Representation of different factors
    Load Duration Curve
    In order to obtain a basis for economical operation of the
    various types of generating units normally connected to a
    grid, it is useful to construct load duration curves for
    typical days which indicate the power demands at different
    intervals of time.

    The construction of a load duration curve for one day from


    the chronological load curve of this day rearranges the load
    elements of a chronological curve in the descending
    order of magnitude.
    Load Duration Curve

    The load duration curve indicates for how many hours a


    certain load has been required in the course of the day. By
    compiling the load hours on various days, the load duration
    curves for one month (720 hr) or one year (8760 hr) can be
    obtained.
    Daily, monthly, and yearly load duration curves aid better
    planning for economical utilization of the power plants,
    existing or planned.
    Load Duration Curve
    The area under the annual load duration curve represents
    the total energy supplied by the utility’s generating system
    during the year. It is usually divided into three parts:

    1. Base load

    2. Intermediate load

    3. Peaking load
    Load Duration Curve

    The base load is the load below which the demand never
    falls and is supplied 100 % of the time.

    The peaking load occurs for about 15 % of the time.

    The intermediate load represents the remaining load


    region.

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