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1-1introduction To Computer Systems - Overview of Organization and Architecture - Functional Components-02!08!202

This document provides an introduction to a course on computer architecture and organization taught by Dr. J. Saira Banu. It includes her contact information and office hours. The document then summarizes why computer architecture is important to study and defines the key terms of computer architecture, computer organization, and their relationship. It also outlines the basic functional components of a computer including input/output units, memory, CPU, and control unit. Examples of main memory and secondary storage are provided.

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Mudit Jain
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74 views22 pages

1-1introduction To Computer Systems - Overview of Organization and Architecture - Functional Components-02!08!202

This document provides an introduction to a course on computer architecture and organization taught by Dr. J. Saira Banu. It includes her contact information and office hours. The document then summarizes why computer architecture is important to study and defines the key terms of computer architecture, computer organization, and their relationship. It also outlines the basic functional components of a computer including input/output units, memory, CPU, and control unit. Examples of main memory and secondary storage are provided.

Uploaded by

Mudit Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Architecture

And Organization
CSE2001

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Welcome to 3 Semester rd

Year – 2021 to 2022


Semester- Fall
Computer Architecture
&Organization

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


 Name : J.Saira Banu
 Designation : Associate Professor
 Email : [email protected]
 Cabin : SJT 313 A28
 Contact Hours :
 Monday, Wednesday, Friday
 Open Hours : Wednesday [ 11.00 -12.00 ]
 Contact No: 9894669877 [ only 9.00 -5.00 pm]
 Experience : 13years in VIT + 2 Years

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Introduction and Overview of
Computer Architecture and
OrganizationUNIT -1

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Topic
s
 Why Computer Architecture and organization?
 Definition of Computer
 Types of Computers
 Difference between architecture and organization
 Functional components of computer.

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


WHY STUDY COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND
ARCHITECTURE?
 The computer lies at the heart of computing.
 Without it most of the computing disciplines today would be a
branch of theoretical mathematics.
 To be a professional in any field of computing today, one should not
regard the computer as just a black box that executes programs by
magic.
 All students of computing should acquire some understanding of a
computer system’s functional components, their characteristics,
their performance, and their interactions.

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


WHY STUDY COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND
ARCHITECTURE?
 Students need to understand computer architecture in order to
structure a program so that it runs more efficiently on a real
machine.
 In selecting a system to use, they should be able to understand the
tradeoff among various components, such as CPU clock speed vs.
memory size.

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Compute
r Input
 Takes
 Data
 Processes it according to stored instructions
 Instructions: Software, Programs
 Produces results as output
 Information (numbers, words, sounds, images)

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Types of
Computers
 Computer
 Special Purpose (Embedded Systems)
 Oven
 Television
 Mobile
 General Purpose (User-programmable)
 Personal Computers
 Mainframes or enterprise systems
 Workstations
 Notebook
 Supercomputers

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Computer
Architecture
 Computer architecture refers to
 those attributes of a system visible to a programmer
 those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program.
 Examples
 Instruction set
 The number of bits used to represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters)
 I/O mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory.
 It is an architectural design issue whether a computer will have a multiply
instruction.

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Computer
Organization
 Computer organization refers to the operational units and their
interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.
 Organizational attributes include those hardware details transparent to the
programmer
 Examples
 Control signals;
 Interfaces between the computer and peripherals;
 The memory technology used.
 It is an organizational issue whether that instruction will be implemented by a
special multiply unit or by a mechanism that makes repeated use of the add
unit of the system.
Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University
Computer Architecture and
Organization
 A particular architecture may span many years and encompass a
number of different computer models, its organization changing
with changing technology.
 IBM System/370 architecture - This architecture was first introduced
in 1970 and included a number of models.
 The customer with modest requirements could buy a cheaper,
slower model and, if demand increased, later upgrade to a more
expensive, faster model

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Functional Components of a
Computer
Memory

ALU

Input Output
Unit Control Unit
Unit
CPU

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Input
Unit

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Memory – Physical Device to store programs or
data
 This memory is of two fundamental types:
 Main memory (Primary Memory)
 Volatile – looses information when power is removed.
 Main Storage
 Secondary memory.
 Non-volatile
 Secondary or Mass Storage

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Main
Memory
 Closely connected to the processor.
 Stored data are quickly and easily changed.
 Holds the programs and data that the processor is actively working with.
 Interacts with the processor millions of times per second.
 Needs constant electric power to keep its information.
 Fast
 Expensive
 Low Capacity
 Works directly with the processor

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Main
Memory

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Secondary
Memory
 Connected to main memory through the bus and a controller.
 Stored data are easily changed, but changes are slow compared to main memory.
 Used for long-term storage of programs and data.
 Before data and programs can be used, they must be copied from secondary
memory into main memory.
 Does not need electric power to keep its information.
 Slow
 Cheap
 Large Capacity
 Not connected directly to the processor

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Secondary
Memory

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Output
Devices

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


CPU – Central Processing
Unit

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University


Videos
link
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1Uj U9-T
g&t=6s

Dr.J.saira banu , Associate Professor, SCOPE, VIT University

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