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Digital Video Processing

Video processing involves techniques used in devices like televisions and DVD players. It includes processes like video encoding/decoding, image sampling and digitization, and applying filters. Common video file formats wrap different data elements, with containers identifying and interleaving various streams. Pre-filters prepare video for encoding, intra-filters operate inside codecs, and post-filters process video after decoding. Examples include denoising, deinterlacing and deblocking to improve quality.

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Arjun Hande
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278 views19 pages

Digital Video Processing

Video processing involves techniques used in devices like televisions and DVD players. It includes processes like video encoding/decoding, image sampling and digitization, and applying filters. Common video file formats wrap different data elements, with containers identifying and interleaving various streams. Pre-filters prepare video for encoding, intra-filters operate inside codecs, and post-filters process video after decoding. Examples include denoising, deinterlacing and deblocking to improve quality.

Uploaded by

Arjun Hande
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIGITAL VIDEO PROCESSING

ARJUN HANDE H N
1PI07EE018
VIDEO PROCESSING?
video processing is a particular case
of signal processing, where the input
and output signals are video
files or video streams.
 Video processing techniques are
used in television
sets, VCRs, DVDs, video
codecs, video players and other
devices.
 Video file format or Container format

A container or wrapper format is a meta-


file format whose specification describes
how different data elements
and metadata coexist in a computer file.
A container format could wrap any kind of
data.
Since audio and video streams can be
coded and decoded with many different
algorithms, a container format may be used
to provide only a single file to the user.
The container file is used to identify
and interleave different data types.
Interleaving is a way to
arrange data in a non-contiguous way
Image formation
There are two parts to the image
formation process:

The geometry of image formation,


which determines where in the image
plane the projection of a point in the
scene will be located.

The physics of light, which determines


the brightness of a point in the image
plane as a function of illumination and
surface properties.
Image digitization

Sampling means measuring the value of


an image at a finite number of points.
Quantization is the representation of the
measured value at the sampled point by
an integer.
Image sampling (example)
original image sampled by a factor of 2

sampled by a factor of 4 sampled by a factor of 8


Frame rate

Frame rate, or frame frequency, is


the frequency (rate) at which an
imaging device produces unique
consecutive images called frames.
Popular Containers :
3GP : Popular format for mobile phone quality
videos.
AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) : Is a
multimedia container format introduced by
Microsoft.
Flash Video (FLV, F4V) : Flash Video is
a container file format used to deliver video over
the Internet using Adobe Flash Player versions 6–
10.
Matroska (MKV) : A file format that can hold an
unlimited number of video, audio, picture or
subtitle tracks inside a single file.
MP4 :  Is also a multimedia container
format standard specified as a part of MPEG-4. It
can also be used to store other data such
as subtitles and still images.
 Video Filters

In terms of video codecs video filters


are divided into three parts :
Prefilters : used before encoding
Intrafilters : inside of codec
Postfilters : used after decoding
Prefilters

Video denoising
Size conversion
Contrast enhancement
Deinterlacing
Deflicking
Video denoising is the process of
removing noise from a video signal.
Deflicking is a filtering operation
applied to brightness flicker in video
to improve visual quality. The flicker
effect can be seen when camera
framerate and lighting frequency are
not adjusted or in video digitized old
film.
Deinterlacing is the process of
converting interlaced video, such as
common analog television signals or 1080i
format HDTV signals, into a non-interlaced form.
Both video and photographic film capture a series
of frames (still images) in rapid succession;
however, television systems read the captured
image by serially scanning the image sensor by
lines (rows). In analog television, each frame is
divided into two consecutive fields, one containing
all even lines, another with the odd lines. The fields
are captured in succession at a rate twice that of
the nominal frame rate. For
instance, PAL and SECAM systems have a rate of
25 frames/s or 50 fields/s, while the NTSC system
delivers 29.97 frames/s or 59.94 fields/s. This
process of dividing frames into half-resolution fields
at double the frame rate is known as interlacing.
Most modern displays, such
as LCD, DLP and plasma displays,
are not able to work in interlaced
mode, because they are fixed-
resolution displays and only support
progressive scanning. In order to
display interlaced signal on such
displays, the two interlaced fields
must be converted to
one progressive frame with a process
known as de-interlacing.
Intrafilters

 Deblocking
A deblocking filter is applied to
blocks in decoded video to improve
visual quality and prediction
performance by smoothing the sharp
edges which can form
between macroblocks when block
coding techniques are used.
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
The intent of the H.264/AVC project was to
create a standard capable of providing
good video quality at substantially lower bit
rates than previous standards (i.e., half or
less the bit rate of MPEG-2, H.263,
or MPEG-4 Part 2), without increasing the
complexity of design so much that it would
be impractical or excessively expensive to
implement.
x264 is a free software library for encoding
video streams into the H.264/MPEG-4
AVC format.
Postfilters

Deinterlacing
Deblocking
Deringing

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