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KAPLAN TURRBINES-solved Problems

This document contains information about several Kaplan turbine problems and solutions. It provides the specifications and calculations for determining characteristics like turbine diameter, speed, discharge, and efficiency given parameters like power output, head, flow and speed ratios. It also compares Kaplan and Francis turbines in terms of number required to produce a given total power output.

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SALVADOR VARGAS DIAZ
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2K views12 pages

KAPLAN TURRBINES-solved Problems

This document contains information about several Kaplan turbine problems and solutions. It provides the specifications and calculations for determining characteristics like turbine diameter, speed, discharge, and efficiency given parameters like power output, head, flow and speed ratios. It also compares Kaplan and Francis turbines in terms of number required to produce a given total power output.

Uploaded by

SALVADOR VARGAS DIAZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kaplan Turbines

SOLVED PROBLEMS
Salvador Vargas -Díaz
A Kaplan turbine develops 9000 kW under a net head of 7.5 m. Overall
efficiency of the wheel is 86%. The speed ratio (Ku) based on outer diameter
is 2.2 and the (Kf) flow ratio is 0.66. Diameter of the boss (hub) is 0.35 times
the external (tip) diameter of the wheel. Determine the diameter of the
runner and the specific speed of the runner.
𝐾 𝑢=¿ g = 10 m/s2, empleo para los cálculos
˙
𝑃=𝜂𝜌 𝑔𝑄𝐻

K f=
𝐷𝑏 =0.35 𝐷 𝑜

𝑃=𝜂 𝑜 𝜌 𝑔𝑄𝐻

=1.7517 m
A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 25 m develops 16,000 kW shaft
power. The outer diameter of the runner is 4 m and hub (boss) diameter is 2
m. The guide blade angle is (1 = 35˚). The hydraulic and overall efficiency are
90% and 85% respectively. If the velocity of whirl (V1w) is zero at outlet (2 =
90˚), determine runner vane angles at inlet and outlet and angular speed of
turbine. Loa cálculos se realizaron con g = 10 m/s2

𝑉 𝑓1 7.99𝑚 /𝑠
tan 𝛼 1= 𝑉 𝑢1= =11.41 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉 𝑢1 tan 35
Vu2 = 0

𝑉 𝑓1 7.99
tan 1 = = 1=43.88 𝑜
𝑢 1 −𝑉 𝑢1 19.72− 11.41
𝑉 𝑓 2 7.99
tan  2= = 2=22.06 𝑜
𝑢 2 19.72

head of 25
Power = 16,000 kW

𝑁 √ 𝑃˙
𝑁 𝑠= 5 / 4 =213.059
𝐻
A Kaplan turbine works under a head of 22 m and runs at 150 rpm. The
diameters of the runner (tip) and the boss (hub) are 4.5 m and 1.2 m
respectively. The flow ratio is 0.43. The inlet vane angle at the extreme edge
(tip) of the runner is 1 =163˚19′. If the turbine discharges radially at outlet,
determine the discharge, the hydraulic efficiency, the guide blade angle (1)
at the extreme edge of the runner and the outlet vane angle (2) at the
extreme edge of the runner.

𝑉 𝑓1
tan (180 − ¿¿ 1)= ¿
𝑢1 − 𝑉 𝑢 1

9.02
tan (180 −163 𝑜19 ´ )=
35.34 −𝑉 𝑢1
𝑉 𝑢1=5.24 𝑚 /𝑠
Hydraulic efficiency is given by

85.8%

1 𝛼1 =59.85 𝑜

𝑉 𝑓 2 9.02
tan  2= = 2=14.32𝑜
𝑢 2 35.34

𝐻 𝐸 𝑉 𝑢1 𝑢1 − 𝑉 𝑢 2 𝑢2
𝜂h = =
𝐻 𝑔𝐻
A Kaplan turbine is to be designed to develop 7,350 kW. The net available
head is 5.5 m. Assume that the flow ratio as 0.68, speed ratio as 2.2 and the
overall efficiency as 60 %. The diameter of the boss (hub) is ⅓ of the diameter
of the runner (tip). Find the diameter of the runner, its speed and its specific
speed.

𝑢1
=2.2
√2 𝑔𝐻

𝐷𝑏𝑜𝑠𝑠 =2,23 𝑚

𝑁 ❑√ 𝑃 / 𝜌
𝑁 𝑠=
(𝑔𝐻 )5 / 4
𝑉 𝑓1
=0.66
√2 𝑔𝐻 Peso específico del fluido

Para condiciones estándar


 = g 9.81 * 1000 =9.810 kN/m3

Diameter of the hub is 1/3 the diameter of the runner


D1
Dm
hub
˙
𝑃=225,000 𝑘𝑊 Francis turbine
𝑁√𝑃˙
𝑁 𝑠= W
𝐻5/4

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Number of turbine= =10.33 11𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑠
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
Kaplan Turbines
W

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Number of turbine= =2.58 3 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑠
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒

Cavitation
𝐻𝑎− 𝐻𝑣 − 𝐻𝑠
𝜎 𝑐= Critical Thomas number
𝐻
𝐻 𝑠 =𝐻 𝑎 − 𝐻 𝑣 − 𝜎 𝑐 𝐻

Francis Turbine
= 4.2 m
Kaplan Turbine

= -1.35 m
RESOLVER PARA ENTREGAR
ENVIAR POR CORREO:
[email protected]

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