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Matter Waves: by A. Rekha Reddy 21311A1953 ECM

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Matter exhibits wave-like behavior according to the theory of quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle. Davisson and Germer provided experimental evidence of electron waves by firing a beam of electrons at a nickel crystal target and observing diffraction patterns, measuring the electrons' de Broglie wavelengths. G.P. Thomson similarly fired electrons at a gold foil target and captured the diffraction pattern on a photographic plate, further demonstrating the wave nature of matter.

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Matter Waves: by A. Rekha Reddy 21311A1953 ECM

Uploaded by

Sirisha
111 views15 pages
Matter exhibits wave-like behavior according to the theory of quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle. Davisson and Germer provided experimental evidence of electron waves by firing a beam of electrons at a nickel crystal target and observing diffraction patterns, measuring the electrons' de Broglie wavelengths. G.P. Thomson similarly fired electrons at a gold foil target and captured the diffraction pattern on a photographic plate, further demonstrating the wave nature of matter.

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Matter exhibits wave-like behavior according to the theory of quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle. Davisson and Germer provided experimental evidence of electron waves by firing a beam of electrons at a nickel crystal target and observing diffraction patterns, measuring the electrons' de Broglie wavelengths. G.P. Thomson similarly fired electrons at a gold foil target and captured the diffraction pattern on a photographic plate, further demonstrating the wave nature of matter.

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© All Rights Reserved
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111 views15 pages

Matter Waves: by A. Rekha Reddy 21311A1953 ECM

Uploaded by

Sirisha
Matter exhibits wave-like behavior according to the theory of quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle. Davisson and Germer provided experimental evidence of electron waves by firing a beam of electrons at a nickel crystal target and observing diffraction patterns, measuring the electrons' de Broglie wavelengths. G.P. Thomson similarly fired electrons at a gold foil target and captured the diffraction pattern on a photographic plate, further demonstrating the wave nature of matter.

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MATTER WAVES

By A. Rekha Reddy
21311A1953
ECM
CONCEPTS:
1. Matter waves
2. Characteristics of matter waves
3. Experimental evidence for matter
4. Davisson and Germer’s experiment
5. G.P Thomson experiment
Matter waves
• Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics
being an example of wave particle duality . All matter exhibits wave
like behaviour . For example a beam of electrons can be diffracted just
like a beam of light or a water wave
Characteristics of matter waves
• Since lamda =h/mv
• Lighter the particle greater is the wavelength associated with it
• Lesser the velocity of the particle longer the wavelength associated with it
• For v=0 ,lamda – infinity , lamda= 0 this shows that matter waves are generated by the motion of
particles
• Whether the particle is charged or not matter wave is associated with it .This reveals I.e, these
waves are not electromagnetic waves but a new kind of waves .
• Matter waves faster than velocity of light that is the wave velocity omega=c2/v as particle velocity
cannot exceed the velocity of light
• No single phenomena exhibits both particle nature and wave nature simultaneously
• The wave nature of matter introduces an uncertainty in the location of the particle and the
momentum of the particle exhists when both are determined simultaneously
•                  
Experimental evidence for matter waves

1. DAVISSON – GERMERS EXPERIMENT


2. G.P THOMSON EXPERIMENT
Davisson – Germers experiment
• Davisson and germer first detected electron waves in 1927
• They have also measured de broglie wave lengths of slow electrons by
using diffraction methods
• Principle :
• Based on the concept of wave nature of matter fast moving electrons
behave like waves . Hence accelerated electron beam can be used for
diffraction studies in crystals .
Experimental arrangement :
• The electron gun G produces a fine beam of electrons
• It consists of a heated filament F which emits electrons due to thermo iconic
emission
• The accelerated electron beam of electrons are incident on a nickel plate called
target T
• The target crystal can be rotated about an axis perpendicular to the direction of
incident electronic beam
• The electron acting as the waves are diffracted in different directions
• The distribution of electrons is measured by using a detector called faradays cylinder
C and which is moving along a graduated circular scale S between 290 to 300
• A sensitive galvanometer connected to the detector
Results :
• When an electron beam accelerated by 54 volts was directed to strike
the nickel crystal a sharp maximum in the electron distribution
occurred at scattered angle of 500 with the incident beam
• For that scattered beam of electrons the diffracted angle becomes
650
• For a nickel crystal the inter planer separation is d=0.091nm
G.P Thomson experiment
• G P Thomson experiment that the diffraction pattern observed was due to
electrons but not due to electromagnetic radiation produced by the fast
moving charged particles .
• Experimental arrangement:
• G P Thomson experimental arrangement consists of
• A) filament or cathode C
• B) gold foil or gold plate
• C) photographic plate
• D) Anode A
• The whole apparatus is kept highly evacuated discharged tube
• When we apply potential to cathode the electrons are emitted and
those are further accelerated by anode
• When these electrons incident on a gold foil those are diffracted and
resulting diffraction pattern getting on photographic film
• After developing the photographic plate a symmetrical pattern
consisting of concentric rings about a central spot is obtained
THANK YOU

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