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    Matter Waves: by A. Rekha Reddy 21311A1953 ECM

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    Sirisha
    Matter exhibits wave-like behavior according to the theory of quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle. Davisson and Germer provided experimental evidence of electron waves by firing a beam of electrons at a nickel crystal target and observing diffraction patterns, measuring the electrons' de Broglie wavelengths. G.P. Thomson similarly fired electrons at a gold foil target and captured the diffraction pattern on a photographic plate, further demonstrating the wave nature of matter.

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    Matter Waves: by A. Rekha Reddy 21311A1953 ECM

    Uploaded by

    Sirisha
    86 views15 pages
    Matter exhibits wave-like behavior according to the theory of quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle. Davisson and Germer provided experimental evidence of electron waves by firing a beam of electrons at a nickel crystal target and observing diffraction patterns, measuring the electrons' de Broglie wavelengths. G.P. Thomson similarly fired electrons at a gold foil target and captured the diffraction pattern on a photographic plate, further demonstrating the wave nature of matter.

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    Matter exhibits wave-like behavior according to the theory of quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle. Davisson and Germer provided experimental evidence of electron waves by firing a beam of electrons at a nickel crystal target and observing diffraction patterns, measuring the electrons' de Broglie wavelengths. G.P. Thomson similarly fired electrons at a gold foil target and captured the diffraction pattern on a photographic plate, further demonstrating the wave nature of matter.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    86 views15 pages

    Matter Waves: by A. Rekha Reddy 21311A1953 ECM

    Uploaded by

    Sirisha
    Matter exhibits wave-like behavior according to the theory of quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle. Davisson and Germer provided experimental evidence of electron waves by firing a beam of electrons at a nickel crystal target and observing diffraction patterns, measuring the electrons' de Broglie wavelengths. G.P. Thomson similarly fired electrons at a gold foil target and captured the diffraction pattern on a photographic plate, further demonstrating the wave nature of matter.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    MATTER WAVES

    By A. Rekha Reddy
    21311A1953
    ECM
    CONCEPTS:
    1. Matter waves
    2. Characteristics of matter waves
    3. Experimental evidence for matter
    4. Davisson and Germer’s experiment
    5. G.P Thomson experiment
    Matter waves
    • Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics
    being an example of wave particle duality . All matter exhibits wave
    like behaviour . For example a beam of electrons can be diffracted just
    like a beam of light or a water wave
    Characteristics of matter waves
    • Since lamda =h/mv
    • Lighter the particle greater is the wavelength associated with it
    • Lesser the velocity of the particle longer the wavelength associated with it
    • For v=0 ,lamda – infinity , lamda= 0 this shows that matter waves are generated by the motion of
    particles
    • Whether the particle is charged or not matter wave is associated with it .This reveals I.e, these
    waves are not electromagnetic waves but a new kind of waves .
    • Matter waves faster than velocity of light that is the wave velocity omega=c2/v as particle velocity
    cannot exceed the velocity of light
    • No single phenomena exhibits both particle nature and wave nature simultaneously
    • The wave nature of matter introduces an uncertainty in the location of the particle and the
    momentum of the particle exhists when both are determined simultaneously
    •                  
    Experimental evidence for matter waves

    1. DAVISSON – GERMERS EXPERIMENT


    2. G.P THOMSON EXPERIMENT
    Davisson – Germers experiment
    • Davisson and germer first detected electron waves in 1927
    • They have also measured de broglie wave lengths of slow electrons by
    using diffraction methods
    • Principle :
    • Based on the concept of wave nature of matter fast moving electrons
    behave like waves . Hence accelerated electron beam can be used for
    diffraction studies in crystals .
    Experimental arrangement :
    • The electron gun G produces a fine beam of electrons
    • It consists of a heated filament F which emits electrons due to thermo iconic
    emission
    • The accelerated electron beam of electrons are incident on a nickel plate called
    target T
    • The target crystal can be rotated about an axis perpendicular to the direction of
    incident electronic beam
    • The electron acting as the waves are diffracted in different directions
    • The distribution of electrons is measured by using a detector called faradays cylinder
    C and which is moving along a graduated circular scale S between 290 to 300
    • A sensitive galvanometer connected to the detector
    Results :
    • When an electron beam accelerated by 54 volts was directed to strike
    the nickel crystal a sharp maximum in the electron distribution
    occurred at scattered angle of 500 with the incident beam
    • For that scattered beam of electrons the diffracted angle becomes
    650
    • For a nickel crystal the inter planer separation is d=0.091nm
    G.P Thomson experiment
    • G P Thomson experiment that the diffraction pattern observed was due to
    electrons but not due to electromagnetic radiation produced by the fast
    moving charged particles .
    • Experimental arrangement:
    • G P Thomson experimental arrangement consists of
    • A) filament or cathode C
    • B) gold foil or gold plate
    • C) photographic plate
    • D) Anode A
    • The whole apparatus is kept highly evacuated discharged tube
    • When we apply potential to cathode the electrons are emitted and
    those are further accelerated by anode
    • When these electrons incident on a gold foil those are diffracted and
    resulting diffraction pattern getting on photographic film
    • After developing the photographic plate a symmetrical pattern
    consisting of concentric rings about a central spot is obtained
    THANK YOU

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