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6-Random Variables

This document discusses probability distributions for random variables including constructing distributions, finding the mean, variance and expected value of discrete random variables, and examples of calculating these values.

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Cheizy Francisco
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

6-Random Variables

This document discusses probability distributions for random variables including constructing distributions, finding the mean, variance and expected value of discrete random variables, and examples of calculating these values.

Uploaded by

Cheizy Francisco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Construct a probability distribution for a

random variable.
 Find the mean, variance, and expected
value for a discrete random variable.
Recall:
A variable is defined as a characteristic or
attribute that can assume different values.

A variable whose values are determined by


chance is called a random variable.
variable
Recall:
Discrete variables have values that can
be counted.

Continuous variables are obtained from


data that can be measured.
 A probability distribution consists of the
values a random variable can assume
and the corresponding probabilities of the
values. The probabilities are determined
theoretically or by observation.
OUTCOME PROBABILITY
X P(X)
0 1/4

1 2/4

2 1/4
Example: Construct a probability
distribution for the number of heads in
tossing two coins.
OUTCOME PROBABILITY
X P(X)
0 1/4

1 2/4

2 1/4
Example: Construct a probability
distribution for rolling a single die.
Example: Represent graphically the
probability distribution for the number of
heads in tossing three coins.
Mean for Discrete Variable
Mean for Discrete Variable – Example
In a family with two children, find the mean
number of children who will be girls. The
probability distribution is given below.

XX 00 11 22

P(X)
P(X) 1/4
1/4 1/2
1/2 1/4
1/4
Mean for Discrete Variable – Example
Solution:

That is, the average number of girls in a two-


child family is 1.
Variance of a Probability Distribution
The variance of a probability distribution
is given by

The standard deviation of a probability


distribution is given by.
Variance of a Probability Distribution -
Example
Find the variance and standard deviation for the data.

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X) 0.18 0.34 0.23 0.21 0.04


Expectation:
The expected value of a discrete
random variable of a probability
distribution is the theoretica l average
of the variable. The formula is
 = E ( X ) =  X  P( X )
The symbol E ( X ) is used for the
expected value.

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