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    Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Add

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    Kristin Bienvenu
    Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units. It occurs in around 15% of patients on mechanical ventilators for more than 48 hours. Early-onset VAP is caused by gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while late-onset VAP is usually due to gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Implementing a ventilator bundle through non-pharmacological strategies like positioning, oral care, and hand hygiene as well as pharmacological prophylaxis can significantly reduce the risk of developing VAP.

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    Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Add

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    Kristin Bienvenu
    90 views12 pages
    Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units. It occurs in around 15% of patients on mechanical ventilators for more than 48 hours. Early-onset VAP is caused by gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while late-onset VAP is usually due to gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Implementing a ventilator bundle through non-pharmacological strategies like positioning, oral care, and hand hygiene as well as pharmacological prophylaxis can significantly reduce the risk of developing VAP.

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    Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units. It occurs in around 15% of patients on mechanical ventilators for more than 48 hours. Early-onset VAP is caused by gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while late-onset VAP is usually due to gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Implementing a ventilator bundle through non-pharmacological strategies like positioning, oral care, and hand hygiene as well as pharmacological prophylaxis can significantly reduce the risk of developing VAP.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    90 views12 pages

    Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Add

    Uploaded by

    Kristin Bienvenu
    Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units. It occurs in around 15% of patients on mechanical ventilators for more than 48 hours. Early-onset VAP is caused by gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while late-onset VAP is usually due to gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Implementing a ventilator bundle through non-pharmacological strategies like positioning, oral care, and hand hygiene as well as pharmacological prophylaxis can significantly reduce the risk of developing VAP.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Bacterial Pneumonia

    Prevention of
    Ventilator-Associated
    Pneumonia
    Bacterial Pneumonia

     Abnormal inflammation of the lung caused by


    bacteria….often characterized by
    inflammation of the alveoli and abnormal
    alveolar filling with fluid.
     Most common cause is Streptococcus
    pneumoniae
     Caused by Gram positive and Gram negative
    bacteria
    Bacterial Pneumonia

     Various categories of nosocomial bacterial


    pneumonias:
    - Health care associated pneumonia
    - Community acquired pneumonia
    - Hospital acquired pneumonia
    - Ventilator-associated pneumonia
    What is Ventilator-associated
    Pneumonia (VAP)?

     Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most


    prevalent nosocomial infection in ICUs worldwide. It
    accounts for 47% of all hospital acquired infections.
     VAP is pneumonia contracted after 48 hours on a
    mechanical ventilator.
     About 15% of patients on ventilators contract VAP
     Mortality rate of 27-76%
    Early-Onset VAP vs. Late-Onset VAP

     Early Onset VAP occurs from 3-7 days on a


    ventilator. Etiologic agents: Staphylococcus aureous,
    Haemophilus influenza, and Streptococcus
    pneumonia. All Gram positive.
     Late-Onset VAP occurs from 5-7 days on ventilator.
    Most fatal type. Etiologic agents: Pseudomonas
    aeruginosa, the Acinetobacter species, the
    Enterobacter species , and Stenotrophomonas
    maltophilia. All Gram negative
    Causes & Risks

    CAUSES RISKS
    Aspiration of bacteria into Tracheal Intubation
    oropharynx
    Length of time on
    Colonization of bacteria in mechanical ventilation
    respiratory and
    gastrointesinal tracts Prior antibiotic therapy

    Nasogastric tube
    Prevention

     Nonpharmacological Strategies
    – Non-invasive ventilation; semi-recumbent
    positioning at 30-40 degree angle; adherence to
    correct hand washing procedures; maintenance of
    endotracheal tube cuff pressure; orotracheal tube
    use instead of nasal tube use; continuous
    subglottic suctioning; utilizing the LoTrach
    tracheal tube.
    Prevention continued…

     Pharmalogical strategies:
    – antibiotic administration -prophylactic as well as
    combination therapy, pneumonia vaccines,
    selective digestive tract decontamination with
    topical antibiotics, administration of stress ulcer
    drugs, and using Chlorhexidine oral rinse.
    Ventilator Bundles

     “A grouping of best practices with respect to


    a disease process that individually improve
    care, but when applied together result in
    substantially greater improvement” (IHI,
    2007)
     Proven to prevent or reduce the rate of VAP
    in many hospital environments
    Ventilator Bundle Components

     Semi-recumbent positioning of the patient


     Daily interruption of sedation
     Daily assessment of readiness of weaning
     Deep vein thrombosis and peptic ulcer
    prophylaxis
    Easiest way to prevent VAP

     Educate physicians and nurses to WASH


    THEIR HANDS
     Recent studies indicated about a 50%
    compliance with hand washing guidelines
     Education programs have helped increase
    compliance to 89% but lasting effects
    unknown
    References

     Institute of Health Improvement. www.ihi.org


     Burger, C. D., & Resar, R. K. (2006, June).
    "Ventilator bundle" approach to
         prevention of ventilator-associated
    pneumonia [Letter to the editor].
         Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 81(6), 849-50

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