Operations of

Polynomial
ADDITION
We can only add terms with the same
degree and variable

3 +4 +2 +7 =7 +9
❑
5 + 3 = + 11 ❑
Example

Remove parenthesis/”quantity”

𝒙 𝟒+𝟒 𝒙 𝟑+𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟑 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟔 𝒙+𝟔 𝒙+𝟗 −𝟒 Arrange expression according to liked terms

then add accordingly.
𝟒 𝟑 𝟐
𝒙 +𝟒 𝒙 − 𝒙 +𝟓
ANSWER
Arithmethic method

Make sure terms are aligned

properly. Insert coefficient ‘0’
wherever necessary.

Add like terms

ANSWER
Example

(−𝟑 𝒙𝟑 +𝟒 𝒙 ¿ ¿ 𝟒+𝟐 𝒙 𝟐)+(𝟔 𝒙𝟐 −𝟓 𝒙+𝟗+𝟕 𝒙 𝟑)¿

Exercises

Solve the following using the two methods of addition.

SUBTRACTION
Process is essentially the same as that of addition.

The only difference is that for subtraction, we change

the sign of each term in the subtrahend.

minuend - = difference

subtrahend
 Example

𝟒 𝒙 𝟑+𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟔 𝒙+𝟗 − 𝒙 𝟒 +𝟑 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟔 𝒙+𝟒 Change the sign of all the terms in subtrahend.
− 𝒙 𝟒+ 𝟒 𝒙𝟑 +𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟔 𝒙 −𝟔 𝒙+ 𝟗+ 𝟒 Combine liked terms

− 𝒙 𝟒+𝟒 𝒙𝟑 +𝟓 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟐 𝒙+𝟏𝟑 ANSWER

Arithmetic method

Make sure terms are aligned

properly. Insert coefficient ‘0’
wherever necessary.

Change the sign of all the terms in

subtrahend then add like terms

ANSWER
Exercises

Solve the following using the two methods of subtraction.

MULTIPLICATION
Monomial times Monomial

Just multiply the coefficients then multiply the

variables using the rules for exponents.
Monomial times Monomial
Example.

(𝟗 𝒙 ¿ ¿𝟒 𝒚 𝒛 )( −𝟑 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 ) =¿¿
𝟐 𝟐 𝟔
Monomial times Monomial
Solve.

(𝟔 𝒙¿¿𝟑 𝒚𝒛) ( 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 ) =¿¿

𝟐 𝟓
Monomial times Monomial

(𝟔 𝒙¿¿𝟑 𝒚𝒛) ( 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 ) =¿¿

𝟐 𝟓

(𝟔∙ 𝟐)(𝒙 ¿ ¿𝟑 ∙ 𝒙 )(𝒚 ∙ 𝒚 )(𝒛 )=¿ ¿

𝟐 𝟓

𝟓 𝟔
𝟏𝟐 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
Monomial times Polynomial
Use the distributive property to multiply a monomial times a polynomial.
Monomial times Polynomial
Example
3
Monomial times Polynomial
Solve.
Monomial times Polynomial
Use the distributive property to multiply a monomial times a polynomial.
Binomial times Binomial
Use the FOIL method (First times First, Outside times Outside, Inside
times Inside, and Last times last).
Binomial times Binomial
Example.

(𝒙+𝟑)(𝒙 −𝟕)=¿
Binomial times Binomial
Solve.

(𝟐 𝒙+𝟑)(𝒙+𝟓)=¿
Binomial times Binomial

(𝟐 𝒙+𝟑)(𝒙+𝟓)=¿
( 𝟐 𝒙 ) ( 𝒙 )+𝟐 𝒙 (𝟓 )+𝟑 (𝒙)+𝟑(𝟓)=¿
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟏𝟎 𝒙+ 𝟑 𝒙 +𝟏𝟓=¿
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟏𝟑 𝒙+𝟏𝟓
Binomial times Binomial
Special Products: May be used in special cases as a shortcut to the FOIL
method.
Exercises
𝟐
( 𝒙 +𝟔) =¿
( 𝒙+𝟕)( 𝒙 −𝟕)=¿
𝟐
( 𝒙 − 𝟗) =¿
(𝒙+𝟏𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐)=¿
Polynomial times Polynomial
(where at least one has more than two terms) Distribute each term in
the first polynomial to each term in the second.
Polynomial times Polynomial
Demonstrate another method.
Following the arithmetic way of multiplication, we can write the given algebraic expressions vertically

Multiply the last term in the second expression (5) to all the terms in the first expression, starting from the last term to the first;
𝟐
𝟓 𝒙 +𝟏𝟓 𝒙 −𝟐𝟎 that is, 5 (from second expression) times (-4) then (5)(3x) then (5)()

18 Multiply the second term in the second expression (-6x) to each of the terms in the first expression () and align with like terms in
the first partial product (20) then do the same for the first term in the second expression () to get the third line of the partial
𝒙 𝟒+𝟑 𝒙 𝟑 −𝟒 𝒙 𝟐 product.

Add like terms and you’ll get the final answer.

𝟒 𝟑 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙 −𝟏𝟕 𝒙 +𝟑𝟗 𝒙 −𝟐𝟎
Polynomial times Polynomial
Solve.
Polynomial times Polynomial
Solve.
Exercises
DIVISION
Division by Monomial
Each terms of the polynomial is divided by the
monomial and it is simplified as individual fractions.
Division by Monomial

Each terms of the polynomial is divided by the

monomial and it is simplified as individual fractions.

( )( )
𝟓 𝟒 𝟑
𝟖𝒉 𝟑𝟐 𝒉 𝟏𝟔 𝒉
𝟒
− 𝟒
− 𝟒
=¿
−𝟖𝒉 −𝟖 𝒉 𝟖𝒉

−𝒉+𝟒 −𝟐 𝒉−𝟏 =¿
𝟐
−𝒉+𝟒 −
𝒉
Division by Monomial
Solve.
Division by Monomial

( ) ( )=¿
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝒙 𝒚 𝟔 𝒙𝒚 𝟗𝒙 𝒚
+ −
𝟑 𝒙𝒚 𝟑 𝒙𝒚 𝟑 𝒙𝒚

𝒙+𝟐 −𝟑 𝒙𝒚
Division by Binomial or Larger Polynomial
Long Division Format
𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 √ 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑
• Both the divisor and the dividend must be written
in descending order.
• Any missing powers should be replaced by zero
• All remainders are in fraction form
(remainder/divisor) and added to the quotient.
Division by Binomial or Larger Polynomial
𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
Example 1 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 √ 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑

Divided first term in the dividend by first term in the divisor.

Multiply first quotient to all the terms in the divisor.
Subtract (Change all the signs in the subtrahend). Then add.
Bring down next term in the dividend.

Repeat the process until you get the quotient. If there is a remainder, just
add it to the quotient in fraction form (remainder/divisor)
Division by Binomial or Larger Polynomial
Example 2 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 √ 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑

Divided first term in the dividend by first term in the divisor.

Multiply first quotient to all the terms in the divisor.

Subtract (Change all the signs in the subtrahend). Then add.

Bring down next term in the dividend.

Repeat the process until you get the quotient. If there is a

remainder, just add it to the quotient in fraction form
(remainder/divisor)
Division by Binomial or Larger Polynomial
Exercise
Division by Binomial or Larger Polynomial
Exercise

2 8
𝑣 − 5 𝑣 +1−
𝑣 +3
𝑣 +3 √ 𝑣 −2 𝑣 − 14 𝑣 −5
3 2

𝑣 3 +3 𝑣 2
2
−5 𝑣 −14 𝑣
−5 𝑣 2 −15 𝑣
𝑣−5
𝑣 +3
−8