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Module 3 Physics 1

This document provides an overview of key concepts in kinematics, which is the description of motion using mathematical terms. It defines important quantities like displacement, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and discusses how to represent motion graphically using position-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs. Examples are provided for calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from descriptions of motion. The document aims to help students understand the fundamental terms and representations used in the study of one-dimensional motion.

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Bermillo Princess Lianne L
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44 views29 pages

Module 3 Physics 1

This document provides an overview of key concepts in kinematics, which is the description of motion using mathematical terms. It defines important quantities like displacement, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and discusses how to represent motion graphically using position-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs. Examples are provided for calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from descriptions of motion. The document aims to help students understand the fundamental terms and representations used in the study of one-dimensional motion.

Uploaded by

Bermillo Princess Lianne L
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Physics 1

Module 3
Let us pray

Lord Jesus, please give me a good mind that I may do


all my works well in such a way that I will make you
happy. Help me to understand and remember all the
things that I must learn. Help me to enjoy and be happy
with the subject which I find so hard. Amen
Module 3
Kinematic Quantities
Objectives
 Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform acceleration in one dimension
into a mathematical description.

 Interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs. time and acceleration
vs. time curves.

 Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs. time and velocity vs. time
curves.

 Construct velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time graphs, respectively, corresponding to a given
position vs. time-graph and velocity vs. time graph and vice versa.
MECHANICS

Kinematics Dynamics

Mechanics is the study of motion. It has two general parts- kinematics


and dynamics.

 Kinematics is the mathematical description of motion. You can describe motion


using kinematic quantities such as position, speed, and acceleration.

 Dynamics is the study of the causes of motion.


Distance and Displacement
• Position is the location of a body in space with reference to a
fixed point. When a body moves, its position changes. The
length of the path the body has taken is called distance.
Distance is a scalar quantity- it is expressed by its magnitude
only.

The initial position of the moving object is usually set to 0 m to


serve as the reference point.
25 m

Distance is also defined as the total length


of the path taken by the body.
Distance is also defined as the total length of the path taken by the body.

25 m
The total distance is

25 m + 20 m +15 m
20 m
= 60 m.

15 m
Displacement

25 m

⃗
𝑑
20 m

15 m
Speed AND VELOCITY
Speed describes how fast or how slow a body moves.

You can do this in getting the ratio of the distance traveled by the body and
the time it takes to travel. In symbols,
Speed and Velocity
Speed is a scalar quantity because it is expressed only by
its magnitude. The speed is fast if a long distance was
covered for a short time. Likewise, the speed is slow when
a short distance was traveled for a long time.
A vehicle’s speed at a particular moment is called its
instantaneous speed. On the other hand, the ratio of the
total distance covered and the total amount of time traveled
is called the average speed. The total distance traveled by
the vehicle can be seen in its odometer.
Example 1
In the 1980s, one of Asia’s fastest running women was a Filipino athlete named Lydia de
Vega. In the 100-meter dash event in 1986 in Seoul, South Korea, she was clocked 11.53 s.
Find her average speed.

Solution:
Example 2
A cyclist covers a distance of 15 miles in 2 hours. Calculate his speed.

Solution:
Velocity
The quantity that contains both the speed and
the direction of motion is called velocity.

Unlike speed, velocity is a vector quantity. For


example, the car is travelling at 80 km/h to the
north.
Acceleration
Acceleration is a measure of how fast or slow velocity changes. A body
accelerates whenever there is a change in speed, a change in direction, or a
change in both speed and direction. Acceleration is negative when a body
slows down. Negative acceleration is called deceleration.

Formula: if acceleration is constant

Acceleration =
Acceleration

Where:
is the final velocity
is the initial velocity
is the time interval.
The SI unit for acceleration must be m/.
Example 1
A truck speeds up from a velocity of 8 m/s to 16 m/s in 2 seconds. What is the truck acceleration?

Given:
Solution:
= 8 m/s

v= 16 m/s

=2s
Note:
Example 2
A car starts from rest and speed up 5m/s in 4 seconds. What is the car acceleration?
Solution:
Given:

= 0 m/s

v= 5 m/s

=4s
Example 3
A girl’s acceleration is Her initial speed was 1 m/s and she ran 5 seconds. What was her final
velocity?
Solution:
Given:

= 1 m/s
5s (

=5s

v = 3.5 m/s
Graphical Description of Motion

The motion of a body can be described using graphs. One


example of this is the graph of position versus time. If you set the
initial position of the object to zero, you have a distance traveled
vs. time (d vs. t) graph.
Distance-time Graph
•The distance-time graph
determines the change in the
position of the object. The speed of
the object as well can be
determined using the line graph.
Here the time lies on the x-axis
while the distance on the y-axis.
Remember, the line graph of
uniform motion is always a
straight line because as the
Velocity and Time Graph
•A velocity-time graph is also a
straight line. Here the time is on
the x-axis while the velocity is on
the y-axis. The product of time and
velocity gives the displacement of
an object moving at a uniform
speed. The velocity of time and
graph of a velocity that changes
uniformly is a straight line. Just
like in the distance-time graph,
when the velocity is non-uniform
the velocity-time graph is a curved
line.
Example
Consider a body moving with constant positive acceleration.

a. Construct an acceleration vs. time graph.

b. Supposing that the body started from rest, construct a velocity vs. time
graph.

c. Setting the initial position of the body to zero, construct a position vs. time
graph.
Solution
a. Because the acceleration is constant and positive, the acceleration vs.
time graph should show a straight horizontal line with a positive value.
b. A constant positive acceleration means that the velocity is increasing at a
constant rate. This corresponds to a v vs. t graph, which has a straight
diagonal line with a positive slope.
c. Because the velocity is increasing at a constant rate (constant
acceleration), the distance that the body is traveling for every time
interval must be increasing. The d vs. t graph should show a parabolic
curve.
• V1=Walk
• V2=Run
• V3= walk
• V4=run
Time Distance Velocity

Average= Average= Average=


Closing Prayer

Lord Jesus, thank you for all the blessing that you
have given me, which I may use for your greater
honor and glory, Amen.

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