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Problem

Late homework policy. Late work will be accepted only with a medical
note or for another Institute­approved reason.
Cooperation policy. You are encouraged to work with others, but the final
write­up must be entirely your own and based on your own understanding.
You may not copy another student’s solutions. And you should not refer to
notes from a study group while writing up your solutions (if you need to
refer to notes from a study group, it isn’t really “your own understanding”).
Part I. These problems are mostly from the textbook and reinforce the basic
techniques. Occa­ sionally the solution to a problem will be in the back of
the textbook. In that case, you should work the problem first and only use
the solution to check your answer.
Part II. These problems are not taken from the textbook. They are more
difficult and are worth more points. When you are asked to “show” some
fact, you are not expected to write a “rigorous solution” in the
mathematician’s sense, nor a “textbook solution”. However, you should
write a clear argument, using English words and complete sentences, that
would convince a typical Calculus student. (Run your argument by a
classmate; this is a good way to see if your argument is reasonable.) Also,
for the grader’s sake, try to keep your answers as short as possible (but don’t
leave out important steps).
Part I
 (a) (4 p. Section Problem
points) 181, 5.4, 12
(b) (4 p. Section Problem
points) 283, 8.5, 16
(c) (4 p. Section Problem
points) 374, 10.9, 4
(d) (4 p. Section Problem
points) 225, 7.2, 25
(e) (4 p. Section Problem
points) 229, 7.3, 7

Part II
Problem 1 For each positive integer n, consider the collection of
curves,
y = Cx n ,
where C varies over all real numbers.
(a) For y = Cx n , find the derivative dy/dx. Then use the expression
y = Cx n to eliminate the constant C from dy/dx. Write your
answer in the form,
dy = F (x,
y),
dx
for some function F that does not involve C.
(b)A differentiable function y = g(x) has the property that for
every point (a, b) on the graph, the tangent line to y = g(x) at (a, b)
is orthogonal to the tangent line to y = Cx n at (a, b). Here C is
chosen to be,

b
 C =
a n
so that (a, b) is on the graph of y = Cx n . Use the hypothesis to write a
differential equation g(x) satisfies.
Hint. The differential equation is separable.
(c)Solve the separable differential equation to find all curves y =
g(x) satisfying the hypothesis. Express the curve implicitly in the
form,
G(x, y) = E ,

where G(x, y) is a polynomial, and E is a positive real number.

Problem 2(Solve Problem 11 on p. 229 of the textbook. The answer is
in the back of the book (and even in the statement of the problem). You
are responsible for showing the work, and explaining the steps, leading
to the answer.
Problem 3A cone over a plane region R is the solid obtained by joining
every point in R to a fixed point P not in the plane. If the height of P
above the plane is h, and if the area of the region R is A, the volume of
the cone is,

1
V = Ah.3
Prove this fact by computing the volume using the washer method. You
may use the fact that if a plane region is scaled by a factor c, the area
scales by the factor c2.
 Solutions
Solution to (a) We rewrite the equation in form

and integrate both sides to obtain

where C is a constant, which is going to be determined by the initial condition

y = 3 when x = 2. Thus we have 32 + 2.3 = 23 + 5.2 + C which yields C = 26.
In order to obtain an expression for y,

we complete the left hand side to a complete

square,

Note that we chose the plus sign for the square root to be consistent with
the given initial condition. Solution to (b) We are given the equation LdI =
E − RI, which is separated as

In order to integrate this expression, we make the substitution u = E − RI,

du = −RdI, where 1 I = E u, which transforms the integral in question to

which integrates to
 So for a general initial current I(0) = I0, the current
is given by

In particular, the initial condition I0 = 0 gives the solution,

The graph of this current, as well as for several other choices of I0, are on the
course webpage. Solution to (c) Conveniently, n = 4 corresponds to
evaluating the function at the points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5:

Note that b − a = 5 − 1 = 4, and 4 = n = 2m → m = 2. The Simpson formula

then given

Solution to (d) We first need to calculate the tangent line of y = x3 at x = 1.

As the slope of 2 this line is given by y� (1) = 3x |x=1 = 3, it is given by
A graph of the region is included on the webpage. In order to calculate the area
between this tangent line and the graph of y = f(x) we need to find the other
point where the two intersect. Let’s denote this point by (u, u3) (remember that
this point is on y = x3) . Then, by plugging into (1), we obtain u3 = 3u − 2.
This can be rewritten as

which, at first sight, not easy to solve. However, since the tangent line touches
the curve at u = 1, we know one solution is u = 1. In fact, u = 1 is a double
root, because the tangent line is tangent to the curve at that point. Therefore,
we should be able to rewrite (2) in the form

where a is the other root. By multiplying out, or a simple inspection, we

easily see that a = −2. Therefore, the sought integral has the limits 2­ and 1.
Hence

Solution to (e) From the figure on the course webpage, each section has
volume dV = Adx = h2dx, 2 and we have the constraint x2 + h2 = a .
Therefore the total volume is given by
Part II
Problem 1 For each positive integer n, consider the collection
of curves,

where C varies over all real numbers.

(a) For y = Cxn, find the derivative dy/dx. Then use the expression y =
Cxn to eliminate the constant C from dy/dx. Write your answer in the
form,

for some function F that does not involve C.

Solution to (a) By differentiating y = Cxn, we obtain dy = Cnxn−1. One way

to get rid of C is dx to write

where we used both our equations to obtain expressions for C. Thus, we

have obtained

which is the required differential equation. Note that this equation does not
involve C, and it is satisfied by y = Cxn for any arbitrary C. (b)(5 points) A
differentiable function y = g(x) has the property that for every point (a, b) on
the graph, the tangent line to y = g(x) at (a, b) is orthogonal to the tangent line
to y = Cxn at (a, b). Here C is chosen to be,
so that (a, b) is on the graph of y = Cxn. Use the hypothesis to write a
differential equation g(x) satisfies.

Hint. The differential equation is separable.

Solution to (b) We remember the slopes of the two orthogonal lines

multiply to 1­ . It’s easy to read the slope of the tangent line to be ny .
Therefore the sought equation is

(c)Solve the separable differential equation to find all curves y = g(x)

satisfying the hypothesis. Express the curve implicitly in the form,

G(x, y) = E,
where G(x, y) is a polynomial, and E is a positive real number. Solution
to (c) The equation (3) can be separated as nydy = −xdx, therefore

or 2 y = + C where C is an arbitrary constant. We can

rewrite this as
 where E = 2C is another arbitrary constant.

Problem 2Solve Problem 11 on p. 229 of the textbook. The answer is in the

back of the book (and even in the statement of the problem). You are
responsible for showing the work, and explaining the steps, leading to the
answer.

Solution to Problem 2 We are considering the volume generated by

revolving the given circle about y­axis. An illustration of the torus, with a
washer highlighted, is available on the course 2 2 2 2 webpage. By the
washer method, dV = Ady = π(ro −ri). The given constraint is (x−b)2+y = a ,
therefore x = b ± a2 − y2. We infer that

where we used the fact that the integral a2 − y2dy is equal to the area of the
upper half of −a the circle of radius a, which is equal to 1πa2.
2 Problem A cone over a plane region R is the solid obtained by joining
every point in R to a fixed point P not in the plane. If the height of P above
the plane is h, and if the area of the region R is A, the volume of the cone
is,
Prove this fact by computing the volume using the washer method. You may
use the fact that if a plane region is scaled by a factor c, the area scales by the
factor c2. Solution to Problem 3 An illustration of the setup, with a slice
highlighted, is available on the course webpage. If we declare area of the
section at height z to be A(z), then the volume would be given by

We can use the fact given in the hint, which reads in mathematical
symbols as

where s is a scale factor which decreases linearly from 1 at z = 0 to 0 at z =

h. Therefore it is given by s = 1 − z . Hence

z This integral can be simplified by the change of variables u = 1 − h, and

du = 1 dz, thus −h