HUMAN

TISSUE
Presentation by:
ANCHETA, Ma. Lorena
BADANA, Joy
CADENAS, Angelo
ELCANO, Ma. Lea Jean
ZAMORA, Mary Rose

BSP4105
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of cells that have
similar structure and that function
together as a unit.
A nonliving material, called the
intercellular matrix, fills the spaces
between the cells.
The branch of biology concerned with
the composition and structure of
tissues in relation to their specialized
functions is histology.
There are four main tissue types
in the body:

Connective Tissue Nervous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue
Muscle Tissue
EPITHELIAL
TISSUES
Epithelial Tissues
Widespread throughout the body, they cover all body surfaces, line
body cavities and hollow organs, and comprise the majority of
gland tissue.
Functions:
1. Protection for the underlying tissues body cavity.
from radiation, desiccation, toxins, and
4. The secretion of hormones into the
physical trauma.
blood vascular system. The secretion of
2. Absorption of substances in the sweat, mucus, enzymes, and other
digestive tract lining with distinct products that are delivered by ducts
modifications. come from the glandular epithelium.

3. Regulation and excretion of chemicals 5. The detection of sensation.

between the underlying tissues and the
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF EPITHELIAL
TISSUES
*According to shape

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

This is a protective layer These are cube-shaped cells
composed of flat irregularly Tall and rectangular in shape.
that line the kidney tubules and
shaped cells. The heart, blood They line the ducts, digestive
cover the ovaries and secretory
and lymphatic veins, bodily tract, parts of respiratory tract
parts of certain gland.
cavities, and lungs' alveoli are all and glands.
lined with them.
*According to arrangement
SIMPLE (one cell layer)
Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar
epithelium epithelium epithelium
It has a thin scale, which is why it The secretion and absorption Found in the villi of the small
is found in places where of chemicals needing active intestine and lining of the
chemical compounds must be transport are carried out by uterus.
transported quickly, such as the these epithelia. This can be found
lining of capillaries and the small in the lining of glandular duct.
air sacs of the lungs.
*According to arrangement
STRATIFIED (several layers of cell)
Stratified squamous Stratified cuboidal Stratified columnar
epithelium epithelium epithelium
Found lining our sweat gland Found as the lining of the ducts
Protect the body against
ducts and salivary gland ducts of mammary gland and in parts
microbial invasion.
of male urethra.
*According to arrangement

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED TRANSITIONAL
Several layers of closely packed, flexible, and
Consist of several layers due to nuclei easily stretched cells make up this structure.
variously positioned in the cell. We find this The kidney pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder,
tissue in the throat, trachea, and bronchi of and upper section of the urethra are all filled
the lungs. with this type of epithelium.
CONNECTIVE
TISSUES
Connective Tissues
Provides a matrix that supports and physically connects other tissues and
cells together to form the organs of the body. It is incredibly diverse and
contributes to energy storage, the protection of organs, and the body’s
structural integrity.

Connective tissues are characterized by an abundance of

intercellular matrix with relatively few cells.
Connective tissue has three main components:
1. Ground substance
• Functions as a molecular sieve for substances to travel between
blood capillaries and cells.
2. Fibers
• Connective tissue fibers provide support. Three types of fibers are
found in connective tissue:
 Collagen - are the strongest and most abundant of all the
connective tissue fibers.
 Elastic fibers - it help the connective tissue to stretch and recoil.
 Reticular fibers- are the short ,fine collagenous fiber that can
branch extensively to form a delicate network.
3. Cells
• They are mainly responsible for secreting the non-rigid extracellular
matrix including the fibres: collagen, elastin or fibronectin
TYPES OF
CONNECTIVE
TISSUES
Areolar Connective Tissue or
Loose Connective Tissue

These tissues are widely

distributed and serve as a
universal packing material
between other tissues. The
functions of areolar
connective tissue include the
support and binding of other
tissues.
Adipose Tissue or Body Fat
This is loose connective
tissue composed of
adipocytes. It is
technically composed of
roughly only 80% fat.

Its main role is to store

energy in the form of
lipids, although it also
cushions and insulates
the body
.
Fluid Connective Tissue or
Blood
This is considered a
specialized form of
connective tissue.

It is an atypical
connective tissue since it
does not bind, connect, or
network with any body
cells. It is made up of
blood cells and is
surrounded by a nonliving
fluid called plasma.
Supporting Connective Tissue or Cartilage

Cartilage is composed of specialized cells called chondroblasts and, unlike other

connective tissues, cartilage does not contain blood vessels. Cartilage is
classified in three types: 1) elastic cartilage, 2) hyaline cartilage, and 3)
fibrocartilage, which differ in the relative amounts of these three main
components.
Osseous tissue or bone tissue
The osseous tissue is
relatively hard and
lightweight in nature. It is
mostly formed of calcium
phosphate in the chemical
arrangement termed
calcium hydroxyapatite,
which gives bones their
rigidity.

It has relatively high

compressive strength, but
poor tensile strength, and
very low shear stress
strength.
MUSCLE
TISSUES
Muscle Tissues
It is characterized by properties that allow
movement. Muscle cells are excitable; they
respond to a stimulus. They are contractile,
meaning they can shorten and generate a
pulling force.

Muscle tissue is classified into three types

according to structure and function: skeletal,
cardiac, and smooth.
TYPES OF
MUSCLE TISSUES
Skeletal muscle
It is attached to bones and its
contraction makes possible
locomotion, facial
expressions, posture, and
other voluntary movements
of the body.

Forty percent of your body

mass is made up of skeletal
muscle.
Cardiac muscle
It forms the contractile walls
of the heart.

The cardiac muscle pumps

blood through the body and
is under involuntary control.
Smooth muscle
Its contraction is
responsible for
involuntary movements
in the internal organs.

It forms the contractile

component of the
digestive, urinary, and
reproductive systems as
well as the airways and
blood vessels.
 Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
Long cylindrical fiber,
Short, branched, Short, spindle-shaped, no
striated, many
Structure striated, single central evident striation, single
peripherally located
nucleus nucleus in each fiber
nuclei

Involuntary movement,
moves food, involuntary
Voluntary movement,
Contracts to pump control of respiration,
Function produces heat, protects
blood moves secretions,
organs
regulates flow of blood in
arteries by contraction

Attached to bones and

around entry & exit sites Walls of major organs and
Location Heart
of body (e.g., mouth, passageways
anus)
NERVOUS
TISSUE
Nervous tissue
It is characterized as being excitable
and capable of sending and receiving
electrochemical signals that provide
the body with information. 

Two main classes of cells make up

nervous tissue:
the neuron and neuroglia.
Neurons propagate
information via
electrochemical impulses,
called action potentials, which
are biochemically linked to the
release of chemical signals.

Neuroglia play an essential

role in supporting neurons.
NEURON AND
NEUROGLIA
Neuron
The cell body of a
neuron, also called the
soma, contains the
nucleus and
mitochondria. The
dendrites transfer the
nerve impulse to the
soma. The axon carries
the action potential
away to another
excitable cell
Neuroglia

The second class of

neural cells are the
neuroglia or glial cells,
which have been
characterized as having a
simple support role. The
word “glia” comes from
the Greek word for glue.
EMBRYONIC
ORIGIN OF
TISSUES
The body tissues and
organs develop from
the three primary
germ layers that form
during the
growth process of the
human embryo.
A table on derivation of tissues from primary germ
layers
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
Epithelial tissue, Muscles and Epithelial tissues
modified, nerve tissue connective tissues
Tissues

Integumentary system, Muscular system, Digestive system,

Organs nervous system skeletal system, respiratory system
circulatory system
 TISSUE
MEMBRANES
Body membranes are thin sheets
of tissue that cover the
body, line body cavities, and
cover organs within the cavities
in hollow organs. They can be
categorized into epithelial
and connective
tissue membrane.
EPITHELIAL
TISSUE
MEMBRANES
Epithelial membranes consist of epithelial tissue and the
connective tissue to which it is attached. The two main types of
epithelial membranes are the mucous membranes and serous
membranes.
Mucous membranes are epithelial
membranes that consist of
epithelial tissue that is attached to
an underlying loose connective
tissue. These membranes,
sometimes called mucosae, line the
body cavities that open to the
outside. The entire digestive tract is
lined with mucous membranes.
Serous membranes line body cavities that do not open directly to
the outside, and they cover the organs located in those cavities.
Serous membranes are covered by a thin layer of serous fluid that
is secreted by the epithelium.
Serous fluid lubricates the
membrane and reduces
friction and abrasion when
organs in the thoracic
or abdominopelvic
cavity move against each
other or the cavity wall.
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
MEMBRANES
Connective tissue membranes contain only connective tissue.
Synovial membranes and meninges belong to this category.

Synovial membranes are

connective tissue membranes
that line the cavities of the
freely movable joints such as
the shoulder, elbow, and
knee.
The connective tissue
covering on
the brain and spinal cord,
within the dorsal cavity, are
called meninges. They
provide protection for these
vital structures.
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REFERENCES
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REFERENCES
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