Chapter 2 :

Computer Software

1
Software

1. Computer Application Software

2. Types of Computer Software
3. Software Licensing
4. Types of Software License
5. Software Piracy

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Software

Software

• Computer software, or just software, is a collection

of computer programs and related data that provides
the instructions for telling a computer what to do and
how to do it.
• Any set of instructions that guides the hardware
and tells it how to accomplish each task.

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Software

Software

Software

System Programming Application

Software Software Software

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Software

System Software

• System software is computer software designed to

operate the computer hardware to provide basic
functionality and to provide a platform for running
application software.
• Refers to the operating system and all utility
programs that manage computer resources at a low
level.

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Software

System Software

• The BIOS (basic input/output system) gets the

computer system started after you turn it on and
manages the data flow between the operating
system and attached devices such as the hard disk,
video adapter, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
• The boot program loads the operating system into
the computer's main memory or random access
memory (RAM).
• System software also includes system utilities, such
as the disk defragmenter and System Restore.

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Software

System Software

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) Program

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Software

System Software

Disk Defragmenter

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Software

System Software

Disk Cleanup

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Software

System Software

Disk Partition Tool

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Operating Systems

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Operating System Functions
• Starting Computers and Mobile Devices
• If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a power button to turn it on

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Operating System Functions
• An operating system includes various power options

Sleep mode saves any open Hibernate saves any open

documents running programs documents and running
or apps to memory, turns off programs or apps to an
all unneeded functions, and internal hard drive before
then places the computer in a removing power from the
low-power state computer or device

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Operating System Functions
• A user interface (UI)
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and how
information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface (GUI),
you interact with
menus and visual
images
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Operating System Functions
• In a command-line interface, a user types commands represented by
short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions

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Operating System Functions
• How an operating system handles programs directly affects your
productivity

Single tasking Foreground

and and
multitasking background

Single user
and multiuser
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Operating System Functions

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Operating System Functions
• Memory management optimizes the use of the
computer or device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

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Operating System Functions
• The operating system determines the order in which tasks are
processed

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 Operating System Functions

A driver is a small
Plug and Play
program that tells the
automatically
operating system how
configures new devices
to communicate with a
as you install them
specific device

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Operating System Functions
• Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet
connections

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Operating System Functions
• A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports
information about various computer resources and devices

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Operating System Functions
• Operating systems often provide users with a variety of tools related
to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs

File Manager Search Image Viewer Uninstaller

Disk File
Disk Cleanup Screen Saver
Defragmenter Compression

PC Backup and
Maintenance Restore

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Operating System Functions
• Automatic update automatically provides new features or corrections
to the program

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Operating System Functions
• Some operating • A network administrator
systems are designed to uses the server operating
work with a server on a system to:
network • Add and remove users,
• These multiuser computers, and other
devices
operating systems • Configure the network,
allow multiple users to install software and
share a printer, Internet administer network
access, files, and security
programs

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Operating System Functions
• A user account
enables a use to sign
in to, or access
resources on, a
network or computer
• A user name, or user
ID, identifies a specific
user
• A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name

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Types of Operating Systems

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Desktop Operating Systems
• A desktop operating system is a complete operating system that
works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

Windows Mac OS UNIX

Chrome
Linux
OS
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Desktop Operating Systems

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Desktop Operating Systems
• The Macintosh operating system has earned a reputation for its ease
of use
• Latest version is OS X

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Desktop Operating Systems

UNIX is a multitasking
operating system
developed in the early
1970s

Linux is a popular,
multitasking UNIX-based
operating system
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Desktop Operating Systems
• Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system designed to work
primarily with web apps

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Server Operating Systems

Windows OS X
Server Server

UNIX Linux
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Mobile Operating Systems
• The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer
electronics is called a mobile operating system and resides on
firmware

Windows
Android iOS
Phone

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Mobile Operating Systems
• Android is an open
source, Linux-based
mobile operating system
designed by Google for
smartphones and tablets

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Mobile Operating Systems

• iOS, developed by Apple,

is a proprietary mobile
operating system
specifically made for
Apple’s mobile devices

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 Mobile Operating Systems
• Windows Phone,
developed by Microsoft,
is a proprietary mobile
operating system that
runs on some
smartphones

Page 402 37
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
Figure 9-19
Software

Programming Software

• Programming software include tools in the form of

programs or applications that software developers
use to create, debug, maintain, or otherwise
support other programs and applications.
• The term usually refers to relatively simple programs
such as compilers, debuggers, interpreters,
linkers, and text editors,

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Software

Programming Software

• Example of programming language:

– C
– C++
– C#
– BASIC
– JAVA
– Visual
– Basic
– Phyton
– HTML
PHP
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Software

Programming Software

• Example of programming language:

– C
– C++
– C#
– BASIC
– JAVA
– Visual
– Basic
– Phyton
– HTML
PHP
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Software

Programming Software

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Software

Application Software

• A program or group of programs designed for end

users
• Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific
(non-computer related) tasks.

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Software

Examples of Computer Application Software

• Word processor
• Spreedsheet
• Presentation Software
• Database Management System
• Dekstop Publisher
• Graphic Editor
• Web Browser

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Software

Word Processor

• Word processor is a software program capable of

creating, storing, and printing documents.
• Unlike the standard typewriter, users using word
processors have the ability of creating a document
and making any changes anywhere in the document.
• This document can also be saved for modification at
a later time or to be opened on any other computer
using the same word processor.

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Software

Word Processor

Features

• Insert text
• Delete text
• Cut and paste
• Copy
• Page size and margins
• Search and replace
• Print

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Software

Word Processor

Examples

• Microsoft Word
• WordPro
• AppleWorks

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Software

Spreadsheet

• Spreadsheet is a data file made up of rows and

columns that are used to sort data and allow a user
to manipulate and arrange data easily, commonly
numerical data.
• What makes a spreadsheet software program most
unique is its ability to calculate values using
mathematical formulas an the data in the cells.
d

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Software

Spreadsheet

• Features:
– Formulas
– Functions
– Charts
– Cut/Copy/Paste with single cells or ranges of cells
– Cells formatting
– Cells merging

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Software

Spreadsheet

Examples

• Microsoft Excel
• Lotus 1-2-3
• Apple Numbers
• OpenOffice Calc

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Software

Presentation Software

• A presentation program is a software program that

helps create a slideshow that addresses a topic.
• Presentation programs are often used in businesses
and schools for discussing a topic or for teaching.
• It typically includes three major functions:
– an editor that allows text to be inserted and
formatted
– a method for inserting and manipulating graphic
images
– a slide-show system to display the content.

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Software

Presentation Software

• Features:
– Insert Slide
– Deletion of Inserted slides
– Allows cut and paste slides in any order.
– Allows duplication content or slide
– Allows you to display the presentation designed in
a slide show system. (View Slide Feature)
– Allows animations and/or sounds manipulations on
objects in the slide.

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Software

Presentation Software

Example:

• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Adobe Persuasion
• Hypercard
• OpenOffice Impress
• Scala Multimedia

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Software

Database Management System (DBMS) Software

• A program that controls the organization, storage,

management, and retrieval of data in a database.
• Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports.

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Software

Database Management System (DBMS) Software

• Example:
– Microsoft Access
– Oracle Database
– MySQL
– FoxPro

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Software

Desktop Publishing Software

• Used to produce high-quality printed documents such

as magazine, greeting card, posters, etc.
• Allows you to use different typefaces, specify various
margins and justifications, and embed illustrations
and graphs directly into the text.

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Software

Desktop Publishing Software

• Example:
– Adobe Indesign
– QuarkXpress
– MS Publisher

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Software

Web Browser

• Web browser, a software application used to locate

and display Web pages.
• Example:
– Internet Explore (IE)
– Mozilla Firefox
– Opera

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Software

Web Browser

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Software

Graphic Software

• Graphics software or image editing software is a

program or collection of programs that enable a
person to manipulate visual images on a computer.
• Computer graphics can be classified into two distinct
categories:
– raster graphics
– vector graphics

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Software

Raster Graphic Editor

• A raster graphics editor is a computer program that

allows users to paint and edit pictures interactively on
the computer screen and save them in one of many
popular “bitmap” or “raster” formats
• Common features:
– Select a region for editing
– Draw lines with brushes of different color, size,
shape and pressure
– Add typed letters in different font styles
– Apply various filters for effects
– Convert between various image formats

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Software

Bitmap Graphic Editor

Examples

• Adobe Photoshop
• PaintShop Pro
• iPhoto
• GIMP

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Software

Vector Graphic Editor

• Also known as drawing software.

• A computer program that allows users to compose
and edit vector graphics images interactively on a
computer.
• Vector editors are often better for page layout,
typography, logos, sharp-edged artistic
illustrations (e.g. cartoons, clip art, complex
geometric patterns), technical illustrations,
diagramming and flowcharting.

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Software

Vector Graphic Editor

Examples

• Adobe Illustrator
• Macromedia Freehand
• Xara Xtreme
• Inkscape

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Software

Accounting Software

• Accounting software is an application software that

records & processes accounting transactions within
functional modules such as accounts payable,
accounts receivable, payroll, and trial balance.
• It functions as an accounting information system.

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Software

Accounting Software

• Features:
– Accounts receivable
– Accounts payable
– General ledger
– Billing
– Stock/inventory
– Purchase order
– Sales order
– Bookkeeping

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Software

Accounting Software

• Examples:
– Microsoft Money
– MYOB
– USB
– SAGE

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Software

Other Examples:

• Computer Aided Design (CAD)

• Video Editor
• Sound Editor
• Video Games
• Educational Software
• Email Client
• Electronic Media

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Software

Software Licensing

• Is a legal instrument (by way of contract law)

governing the usage or redistribution of software
• Allowing an individual or group to use a piece of
software
• Nearly all applications are licensed
• Some are based on the number machines on which
the licensed program can run whereas others are
based on the number of users that can use the
program

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Software

Types of Software License

• Registerware
• Shareware
• Freeware
• Open source
• Demoware
• Abandonwar
e

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Software

Registerware

• Refers to computer software which requires the user

to give personal information through registration in
order to download or use the program.

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Software

Shareware/Demoware

• Refers to copyrighted commercial software that is

distributed without payment on a trial basis and is
limited by any combination of functionality,
availability, or convenience.

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Software

Freeware

• Computer software that is available for use with no

cost or for an optional fee.
• Freeware is different from shareware, where the
user is obliged to pay.

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Software

Open Source Software (OSS)

• OSS is also a free software.

• OSS can be defined as
computer software for which
the human-readable source
codepublic
the is made
domain)available
that meets the Open Source
under a copyright license
Definition.
• (or
Thisarrangement such
permits users as change, and improve the
to use,
software, and to redistribute it in modified or
unmodified form.

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Software

Abandonware

• It refers to sofware that is no longer available for

purchase or that is at least a certain amount of years
old.

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Software

License Key

• A software license key is a pattern of numbers

and/or letters provided to licensed users of a
software program.
• License keys are typically created and delivered via
a license generator once a software user has paid
for the software and has agreed to the conditions of
use and distribution as legally specified in the
software license.

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Software

License Key

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Software

Software Piracy

• The unauthorized copying of software.

• Refers to ways of obtaining software without the
permission of the software holder
• Some common types of software piracy include:
– Counterfeit software
– OEM unbundling
– Softlifting
– Hard disk loading
– Internet software piracy

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Software

Software Piracy

Counterfeit Software

• A type of software piracy that occurs when fake

copies of software are produced using a CD burner
to copy the software
• Counterfeit software is usually sold at prices well
below that of the retail price of the legitimate
software

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Software

Software Piracy

OEM Unbundling

• Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)

unbundling is a type of software piracy that occurs
when OEM-packaged software is separated from the
hardware it originally came bundled with, at the
OEM or retail level of sale.

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Software

Software Piracy

Softlifting

• A type of software piracy that occurs when users

share their software with other users who are not
authorized to have access by the End-User License
Agreement (EULA).
• The most common type of softlifting occurs when a
person does legitimately purchase software but
installs it onto multiple computers which is a violation
of the licensing agreement.

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Software

Software Piracy

Hard Disk Loading

• A type of software piracy that occurs when hardware

dealers install an unauthorized copy of commercial
software onto a computer system.
• In many cases consumers will not receive any
manuals or original CD of the software but the
hardware dealer may charge for the illegal software
in the total system purchase price.

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Software

Software Piracy

Internet Software Piracy

• A type of software piracy that occurs when software,

which is illegally obtained through Internet channels,
usually through peer-to-peer file sharing systems or
downloaded from pirate Web sites that make
software available for download for free or in
exchange for users who uploaded software

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Workgroup Application Software

• Workgroup application software: support teamwork, whether

people are in the same location or dispersed around the world
• Groupware: software that helps groups of people work together
more efficiently and effectively

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Enterprise Application Software

• Software that benefits an entire organization

• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software: set of integrated
programs that manage a company’s vital business operations for an
entire multisite, global organization

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Enterprise Application Software
(continued)

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SUMMARY

• Two main types of software

• System Software / OS functions
• OS – Types and it differences
• Differences of application software
• Types of application software
• Issues in software

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