Designing and Developing

Applications on the Cloud

CT071-3-3-DDAC & Version VD1

Introduction to Cloud Computing

(Part 3 – Virtualization & Containerization)
 Topic & Structure of The Lesson

1. Understanding virtualization
2. Understanding Containerization

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 Learning Outcomes

• At the end of this topic, You should be able

to
1. Understanding the differences between
Containerization vs Virtualization.

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 Key Terms You Must Be Able To
Use
• If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following
terms correctly in your assignments and exams:
• Containerization
• Virtualization
• Virtual Machine
• Hypervisor

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 What is Virtualization?
• A process of running a virtual instance of a
computer system in a layer abstracted from the
actual hardware.

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 What is Virtualization?
 Most commonly, it refers to running multiple operating
systems on a computer system simultaneously.

 To the applications running on top of the virtualized

machine, it can appear as if they are on their own
dedicated machine, where the operating system,
libraries, and other programs are unique to the guest
virtualized system and unconnected to the host
operating system which sits below it.

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 Why Virtualization?
• Virtualization of storage systems in early storage area
networks and of entire computer systems forms the
backbone of cloud computing.
• Because an organization no longer needs to worry
about where data is located or what hardware
resources are available on a particular server, focus
can be turned to business uses of technology rather than
on technology itself.
• Cloud computing also makes extensive use of server
virtualization to better utilize cloud hosting servers by
allowing multiple systems to run on a more powerful server.

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 Why Virtualization?
• It referred to as multitenancy and allows system
resources to be fully utilized before another server is
brought online, further reducing operating costs and data
center cooling requirements.

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 Example of Virtualization

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 Virtual Machine
• The emulated equivalent of a computer system that runs on
top of another system
• May have access to any number of resources: computing
power, through hardware-assisted but limited access to the
host machine's CPU and memory; one or more physical or
virtual disk devices for storage; a virtual or real network
inferface; as well as any devices such as video cards, USB
devices, or other hardware that are shared with the virtual
machine
• If the virtual machine is stored on a virtual disk, this is often
referred to as a disk image.
• A disk image may contain the files for a virtual machine to
boot, or, it can contain any other specific storage needs.
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 Virtual Hardware

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 Type of the virtualization
• Hardware virtualization
– Perhaps the most common type of virtualization today, hardware virtualization is
made possible by a virtual machine manager (VM) called the “hypervisor”. The
hypervisor creates virtual versions of computers and operating systems and
consolidates them into one large physical server, so that all the hardware resources
can be utilized more efficiently. It also enables users to run different operating
systems on the same machine simultaneously. In Server virtualization, physical
server resources are abstracted logically to create and run virtual machines.
(ESXi, KVM, Hyper-V).
• Network virtualization
– Network virtualization combines all physical networking equipment into a single,
software-based resource. It also divides available bandwidth into multiple,
independent channels, each of which can be assigned to servers and devices in real
time. Businesses that would benefit from network virtualization are ones that have a
large number of users and need to keep their systems up and running at all times.
With the distributed channels, your network speed will increase dramatically, allowing
you to deliver services and applications faster than ever before.
– Network virtualization is the process of combining hardware network resources and
software network resources in a single software-based administrative entity .
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 Server / hardware virtualization

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 Network virtualization

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 Type of the virtualization
• Application virtualization
– This is a process where applications are virtualized and delivered from a server to the
end user’s device, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets. So instead of logging
into their computers at work, users will be able to gain access to the application right
from their device, provided an Internet connection is available. This is particularly
popular for businesses that require the use of their applications on the go. Office 365
is the best example of application virtualization. When you have office 365 account,
you can use all the office application on your laptop without installing it.
• Desktop virtualization
– Similar to application virtualization mentioned above, desktop virtualization separates
the desktop environment from the physical device and configured as a “virtual
desktop infrastructure” (VDI). One of the biggest advantages of desktop virtualization
is that users are able to access all their personal files and applications on any PC,
meaning they can work from anywhere without the need to bring their work computer.
It also lowers the cost of software licensing and updates. Maintenance and patch
management are simple, since all of the virtual desktops are hosted at the same
location. VMware Horizon View is the best example for desktop virtualization

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 Desktop virtualization

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 Type of the virtualization
• Storage virtualization
– This type of virtualization is very easy and cost-effective to implement, since
it involves compiling your physical hard drives into a single cluster. Storage
virtualization is handy when it comes to planning for disaster recovery, since
the data stored on your virtual storage can be replicated and transferred to
another location. By consolidating your storage into a centralized system,
you can eliminate the hassles and costs of managing multiple storage
devices. VMware vSAN is the best example of storage virtualization.

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 Storage virtualization

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 Usage of Virtualization
• Desktop users
 able to run applications meant for a different operating
system without having to switch computers or reboot into
a different system

• Administrators of servers
 run different operating systems
 a way to segment a large system into many smaller parts,
allowing the server to be used more efficiently by a number
of different users or applications with different needs
 allows for isolation, keeping programs running inside of a
virtual machine safe from the processes taking place in
another virtual machine on the same host

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 What is a Hypervisor?

• A program for creating and running virtual

machines.
• Traditionally been split into two classes:
 Type one, or "bare metal" hypervisors
 Type two, or "hosted" hypervisors

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 Type 1 Hypervisor

• Type 1 is called as bare metal Hypervisor

which directly installed on physical
servers. It offers high-performance and
lower resource usage.
• Example: VMware ESXi, Xen Servers,
Hyper-V

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 Type 2 Hypervisor

• Type 2 is called as Hosted Hypervisor

which runs on top of operating systems.
This type of hypervisor will be installed as
an application. It offers moderate
performance. But it’s very easy to setup
and manages the environment.
• Example: VMware Workstation, Oracle
Virtual Box.

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 Hypervisor
Type one, or "bare metal" Type two, or "hosted"
• run guest virtual machines • behave more like traditional
directly on a system's applications that can be
hardware, essentially behaving started and stopped like a
as an operating system. normal program
• In modern systems, this split is
less prevalent, particularly with
systems like KVM
• KVM, short for kernel-based
virtual machine, is a part of the
Linux kernel that can run
virtual machines directly,
although you can still use a
system running KVM virtual
machines as a normal
computer itself
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 Hypervisors in Virtualization

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 Containerization

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 What is containerization?

• Containerization has become a major

trend in software development as an
alternative or companion to virtualization.
• It involves encapsulating or packaging up
software code and all its dependencies so
that it can run uniformly and consistently
on any infrastructure. 

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 Understand between….

CONTAINERIZATION VS
VIRTUALIZATION

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Slide ‹#› of 9
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 Why use containerization?

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 How Containers Work?

• Containerization involves bundling an

application together with all of its related
configuration files, libraries and dependencies
required for it to run in an efficient and bug-free
way across different computing environments.
• The most popular containerization ecosystems
are Docker Swarm and Kubernetes.
 

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 Quick Review Question
1. What is Virtualization?

2. What are the usage of Virtualization?

3. What is Containerization?

4. What the differences between Containerization vs

Virtualization?

5. Give two (2) examples of software that using

Containerization concept..

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 Summary of Main Teaching Points

• This chapter we learnt the definition and the

essential characteristic of Virtualization and
Containerization

• We also understand the benefits of using both

the Virtualization and Containerization .

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 Question and Answer Session

Q&A

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 What we will cover next

• Cloud Design Patterns

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