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Variables: Presented By: Mrs. Glaidel Love G. Fillado Teacher in Practical Research 1

This document defines and explains different types of variables in research. A variable is a measurable characteristic of an individual, object, or situation being studied that can take on different values. There are three main types of variables: independent variables, which are manipulated by the researcher; dependent variables, which are affected by the independent variable; and constant or controlled variables, which are deliberately kept unchanged. Extraneous variables are those that may affect research outcomes but have not been adequately considered, while confounding variables interfere with results and cannot be controlled.

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36 views

Variables: Presented By: Mrs. Glaidel Love G. Fillado Teacher in Practical Research 1

This document defines and explains different types of variables in research. A variable is a measurable characteristic of an individual, object, or situation being studied that can take on different values. There are three main types of variables: independent variables, which are manipulated by the researcher; dependent variables, which are affected by the independent variable; and constant or controlled variables, which are deliberately kept unchanged. Extraneous variables are those that may affect research outcomes but have not been adequately considered, while confounding variables interfere with results and cannot be controlled.

Uploaded by

Drew Tampos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIABLES

Presented by: MRS. GLAIDEL LOVE G. FILLADO


Teacher in Practical Research 1
Meaning of Variables
 A variable is a concept or abstract idea that can be describe
in measurable terms. In research, this terms refers to a
measurable characteristics, qualities, traits, or attributes of
a particular individual, object or situation being studied.
 Each person/thing that we collect data on is called an

observation (in our research work these are usually


people/subjects).
 Observation (participants) possess variety of
characteristics.
 If a characteristic of an observation

(participant) is the same for every member


of the group. i.e. it does not vary, it is called
constant.
 If a characteristic of an observation

(participant) differs for a group members it


is called a variable.
 Variables are properties or characteristics of some event,
object, or person that can take differ values or amounts.
 A variable is not only something that we measure, but also

something that we can manipulate and something that we


can control.
TYPES OF VARIABLES
 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE – are variables which
are manipulated or controlled or changed. It is
what the researcher studies to see its
relationship or effects.
 Presumed or possible cause
 DEPENDENT VARIABLE – are the outcome

variables and are the variables for which we


calculate statistics. The variables which changes
on account of independent variable is known
as dependent variable. i.e. it is influenced or
affected by the independent variable.
 Presumed results (effect)
Sometimes certain characteristics of the objects
under scrutiny are deliberately left unchanged.
These are known as constant or controlled
variables.
These variables that are not measured in a
particular study must be held constant,
neutralized/ balanced or eliminated, so they will
not have a biasing effect on the other variable.
Extraneous Variable – that may affect research
outcomes but have not been adequately
considered in the study are termed as Extraneous
variables. It is exist in all studies and can affect
the measurement of study variables and the
relationship among these variables.
Extraneous variables that are not recognized
until the study is in process, or are
recognized before the study is initiated but
cannot be controlled, are referred to as
confounding variables.
These variables interferes the results of the
existing activity. • Certain external variables
may influence the relationship between the
research 
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING  AND
GOD BLESS 

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