Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, INDIA

NAAC - A grade, NBA accredited courses(2009-12, 2016-18), UGC Autonomous College

SUBJECT NAME : LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

Er. Mohit Sood

1 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES

What Is Linux?
Linux is an open-source operating system like other operating systems such as:-
Microsoft Windows
Apple Mac OS
iOS
Google android etc.

An operating system is a software that enables the communication between computer hardware
and software.

It conveys input to get processed by the processor and brings output to the hardware to display
it.

This is the basic function of an operating system. Although it performs many other important
tasks, let's not talk about that.

2 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system is a collection of software, each designed for a specific function.

Linux OS has following components:

3 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

 Kernel

Linux kernel is the core part of the operating system.

It establishes communication between devices and software. Moreover, it manages system resources.

It has four responsibilities:

4 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

 Device management: 

A system has many devices connected to it like CPU, a memory device, sound cards, graphic
cards, etc.

A kernel stores all the data related to all the devices in the device driver (without this kernel
won't be able to control the devices).

Thus kernel knows what a device can do and how to manipulate it to bring out the best
performance. It also manages communication between all the devices.

The kernel has certain rules that have to be followed by all the devices.

5 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

 Memory management:  

Another function that kernel has to manage is the memory management. The kernel keeps track
of used and unused memory and makes sure that processes shouldn't manipulate data of each
other using virtual memory addresses.

 Process management:
In the process, management kernel assigns enough time and gives priorities to processes before
handling CPU to other processes. It also deals with security and ownership information.

 Handling system calls: Handling system calls means a programmer can write a query or ask
the kernel to perform a task.

6 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

System Libraries

System libraries are special programs that help in accessing the kernel's features. A kernel has to
be triggered to perform a task, and this triggering is done by the applications.

But applications must know how to place a system call because each kernel has a different set of
system calls. Programmers have developed a standard library of procedures to communicate
with the kernel.

Each operating system supports these standards, and then these are transferred to system calls for
that operating system.

The most well-known system library for Linux is Glibc (GNU C library).

7 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

System Tools

Linux OS has a set of utility tools, which are usually simple commands.
It is a software which GNU project has written and publish under their open source license so
that software is freely available to everyone.

With the help of commands, you can access your files, edit and manipulate data in your
directories or files, change the location of files, or anything.

8 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

End User Tools

These end tools make a system unique for a user. End tools are not required for the operating
system but are necessary for a user.

Some examples of End Tools are :-

 Graphic design tools

 Office suites

 Browsers

 Multimedia players etc.

9 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

Development Tools

With the above three components, your OS is running and working.

But to update your system, you have additional tools and libraries.

These additional tools and libraries are written by the programmers and are called toolchain.

A toolchain is a vital development tool used by the developers to produce a working application.

10 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System
 OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

11 Er. Mohit Sood [email protected] BCA 5th Sem. Linux Operating System