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Cooperative Learning

This document discusses cooperative learning, including its definition, objectives, elements, techniques, benefits and limitations. Cooperative learning involves students working in small groups to accomplish shared goals. It balances elements like positive interdependence, individual accountability, interpersonal skills and face-to-face interaction. Common techniques include think-pair-share, jigsaw, round table and give one-get one. Research shows cooperative learning improves achievement, develops critical thinking skills, and prepares students for teamwork in future jobs.

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akash
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320 views31 pages

Cooperative Learning

This document discusses cooperative learning, including its definition, objectives, elements, techniques, benefits and limitations. Cooperative learning involves students working in small groups to accomplish shared goals. It balances elements like positive interdependence, individual accountability, interpersonal skills and face-to-face interaction. Common techniques include think-pair-share, jigsaw, round table and give one-get one. Research shows cooperative learning improves achievement, develops critical thinking skills, and prepares students for teamwork in future jobs.

Uploaded by

akash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COOPERATIVE LEARNING

SUBMITTED BY:

AKASHDEEP KAUR
PGDCDC
21361206
OBJECTIVES
• What is Cooperative Learning?
• Definition
• Why use Cooperative Learning?
• Elements of Cooperative Learning
 Positive Interdependence
 Individual Accountability
 Group Processing
 Small Group and Interpersonal Skills
 Face to Face Interaction
• Cooperative Learning Techniques
 Think-Pair-Share
 Rally Coach
 Jigsaw
 Round Table
 Give one – Get One
 Showdown
• Benefits of Cooperative Learning
• Limitations of Cooperative Learning
WHAT IS COOPERATIVE LEARNING?

• Cooperative learning involves students working together to accomplish


shared goals, and it is this sense of interdependence that motivate
group members to help and support each other. 
• Cooperative Learning involves structuring classes around small groups
that work together in such a way that each group member's success is
dependent on the group's success.
• There are different kinds of groups for different situations, but they all
balance some key elements that distinguish cooperative learning from
competitive or individualistic learning.
DEFINITION
• Cooperative Learning is defined as “Small group of learners working
together as a team to solve a problem, complete a task, or accomplish a
common goal”. – Artz & Newman (1990).
WHY USE COOPERATIVE LEARNING?
• Extensive research has compared cooperative learning with traditional
classroom instruction using the same teachers, curriculum, and
assessments.

• On the average: Students who engage in cooperative learning learn


significantly more, remember it longer, and develop better critical-thinking
skills than their counterparts in traditional lecture classes.

• Students enjoy cooperative learning more than traditional lecture classes,


so they are more likely to attend classes and finish the course.
• Students are going to go on to jobs that require teamwork. Cooperative
learning helps students develop the skills necessary to work on projects
too difficult and complex for any one person to do in a reasonable amount
of time.

• Cooperative learning processes prepare students to assess outcomes


linked to accreditation.
ELEMENTS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING
• Cooperative learning has received a lot of attention and praise—especially
since the 1990s when Johnson and Johnson outlined the five basic
elements that allowed successful small-group learning:
1. Positive Interdependence
• In general we talk about positive
interdependence when a gain for one is a
benefit for the other. Pair and group members
experience themselves as a team and are on
the same side working toward the same goal.
• To ensure positive interdependence while
working with cooperative learning, two
requisites must be met: students should feel
on the same side and the task should require
working together.
2. Individual Accountability
• In the cooperative classroom, students work
together as a team to create and to learn,
but ultimately every individual student is
responsible for his or her own performance.
• It is exactly to fulfill both positive
interdependence and individual accountability
that in every cooperative learning strategy
students are given both time to think/work
alone and to interact with peers.
• In this way students’ autonomy and cooperation
are improved.
3. Group Processing
• Group members require experiencing
free to communicate frankly with others.
Also, they feel each other’s concern and
make merry at accomplishments.
• Besides, they should converse about
achieving the goal and maintaining
helpful working relations.
4. Small Group and Interpersonal Skills

• Interpersonal and small group skills


are required to function as part of a
group. These are basic teamwork
skills. Group members must know
how to - and be motivated to -
provide effective leadership, make
decisions, build trust, communicate,
manage conflict, Completing tasks
and Appreciating group members
5. Face-to-Face Interaction

• This means that students promote each


other's success by sharing resources.
They help, support, encourage, and
praise each other's efforts to learn.
Both academic and personal support
are part of this mutual goal.

• Finally, they embody respect, caring,


and encouragement between
individuals so all are motivated to
continue to work on the task at hand.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
• There are a great number of cooperative learning techniques available.
Some cooperative learning techniques utilize student pairing, while others
utilize small groups of four or five students.
• Hundreds of techniques have been created into structures to use in any
content area. 
• Among the easy to implement structures are think-pair-share, think-pair-
write, variations of Round Robin, and the reciprocal teaching technique.
•  A well known cooperative learning technique is the Jigsaw, Jigsaw II and
Reverse Jigsaw.
1. Think-pair-share:

• The think/write, pair, share strategy is a cooperative learning technique that


encourages individual participation and is applicable across all grade levels
and class sizes.
• Students think through questions using three distinct steps:

1. Think/Write: Students think independently about a question that has


been posed, forming ideas of their own and write them down.

2. Pair: Students are grouped in pairs to discuss their thoughts. This step
allows students to articulate their ideas and to consider those of others.

3. Share: Student pairs share their ideas with a larger group, such as the
whole class. Often, students are more comfortable presenting ideas to a
group with the support of a partner.

• In addition, students' ideas have become more refined through this three-
step process.
2. Rally Coach:
• “Students are more open to feedback
from a peer than feedback from the
teacher”.
• An effective cooperative learning
strategy to implement peer tutoring
in class is Rally Coach. 
1. Teacher asks one student from each pair of students to take out a sheet
of paper (or worksheet, lab report…) and a pencil/pen
2. Partner A works the first problem while Partner B watches, listens,
coaches, and praises.
3. Partner B solves the next problem while Partner A watches, listens,
coaches, and praises.
4. Partners take turns until the task is complete.
3. Jigsaw:
• Jigsaw is a collaborative learning
technique that gives students
practice in the acquisition and
presentation of new material, in
review, and in informed debate.
Interdependence and status
equalization are developed.
• The method is:

1. Each student on the team becomes an “expert” on one topic


2. “Experts” group with members from other teams assigned the
corresponding expert topic.
3. Upon returning to their teams, each one, in turn, teaches the group.
4. Students are all assessed on all aspects of the topic
4. Round Table:

• Round Table is a collaborative


learning technique that allows
students to assess prior knowledge,
recall information and practice
communication skills.
• The steps are:

1. Write: Each student writes one (or two or 3) sentences about a given
topic (or this could be an answer to a question) on a piece of paper.
2. Share: The paper is passed around to one group member at a time. Each
group member responds in writing.
3. Summarize: When the original is returned, the student reads the
comments from the group and shares what the collective sense of what
was said in the group about the topic (or question).
5. Give one – Get one:
1. Students fold paper in half lengthwise (hot dog style). Then they open the
paper and draw a line down the crease. At the top of the left column
students write “Give One.” At the top of the right column students write
“Get One.”
2. The teacher poses a question or topic with multiple answers and gives a
time limit.
3. Students list as many things as they know in the “Give One” column.
4. Teacher directs students to “Stand up, hand up, pair up.”
5. Partners greet and share responses. If they already have that response,
they check it off.
• If it is a new answer, they write it in the “Get One” column.
• 6. Partners say “Thank you!” put hand up and find a new partner.
• 7. Continue until the teacher says to stop.
6. Showdown
1. Task cards are placed face down in the center of the team.
2. Each team member needs a piece of paper or a small chalkboard or
whiteboard.
3. One person becomes the first leader and picks up a card. Without showing
it to the others, he or she reads the sentence aloud. The others write the
appropriate answer on their chalkboards/paper.
4. As each pe
5. rson finishes, they place their chalkboard/ paper face down.
BENEFITS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING
• Cooperative Learning helps to:
▫ Raise achievement of students.
▫ Build positive relationships among students - important for creating a
learning community that values diversity.
▫ Provide experiences that develop both good learning skills and social
skills.

• Research shows cooperative learning helps to produce:

▫ Higher achievement.

▫ Increased retention.
• More positive relationships and a wider circle of friends.
• Greater intrinsic motivation.
▫ Higher self-esteem.
▫ Greater social support.
▫ More on-task behavior.
▫ Better attitudes toward teachers.
▫ Better attitudes toward school.
Additional Benefits of Cooperative Learning
• When students are working toward a common goal, academic work becomes

an activity valued by peers.

• Students are able to translate the teacher's language into "student language"

for one another.

• Students who explain to one another strengthen their own learning.

• Teammates can provide individual attention and assistance to one another.

• Regular and constructive collaborative study groups can assist you with

mastery of material, exam preparation, and better performance on tests.


Limitations of Cooperative Learning
• All of the following pitfalls can be avoided, but when they are not, they

constitute the cons of cooperative learning.

• Lack of Social Skills. 

• Group Grades.

• Lack of Diversity Skills.

• Avoidance of Failure.

• Between Team Competition.

• Within Class Tracking.

• Complex Co-op Lessons.


• Dependency.

• Lack of management strategies

• Off task behavior

• No preparation with community

• Feeling used; being used

• Stepping on sensitive toes

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