DPCM

DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE

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MODULATION
Group V - SBEEPET3C
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 DPCM BASIC INFORMATION and ADVANTAGES
BASIC INFORMATION AND ADVANTAGES

-When the input signal is sampled at a rate higher than the Nyquist rate the
succesive samples became more correlated-their exist a very little difference
between amplitudes of successive samples.
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-When all these samples are quantized and encoded these exist more
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rebundant information in the transmitted signal.

-In DPCM to reduce the rebundant information and to achieve more

compansion only the difference between the successive samples are
transmitted.
Member DPCM BASIC INFORMATION and ADVANTAGES

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PCM DPCM
-More levels - Less levels
-More numbers of bits - less number of bits per levels
(samples) Per level (samples)
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 DPCM Transmitter

Quantizer Output is represented as

v(nTs)=Q[e(nTs)]v(nTs)=Q[e(nTs)]
=e(nTs)+q(nTs)
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Where q (nTs) is the quantization error
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Predictor input is the sum of quantizer output and predictor output,

u(nTs)=xˆ(nTs)+v(nTs)u(nTs)=x^(nTs)+v(nTs)
u(nTs)=xˆ(nTs)+e(nTs)+q(nTs)u(nTs)=x^(nTs)+e(nTs)+q(nTs)
u(nTs)=x(nTs)+q(nTs)
 DPCM Receiver

The block diagram of DPCM Receiver consists of a decoder, a

predictor, and a summer circuit. Following is the diagram of DPCM
Receiver.
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 DPCM Transmitter

The DPCM Transmitter consists of Quantizer and Predictor with two

summer circuits. Following is the block diagram of DPCM transmitter.
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 DPCM - Problem 1

Consider the input of a differential pulse code modulation are the

following examples.

x(n) = { 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 , 2.6 , 2.7 , 2.8 }

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Plot the table and identify the encoded signal and decoded signal of a
DPCM.

Assume first order prediction filter.

x^(n) = Xq (n-1) where initial value is zero.

 ENCODER - DPCM

e (n) xq (n)
x (n) x^(n)=xq(n-1) eq (n)
= x (n) - x^(n) =x^(n) + eq (n)

2.1 0 2.1 2 2

2.2 2 0.2 0 2
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Transmitted Signal:

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2.3 2 0.3 0 2

2.6
2-0-0-1-0-0
2 0.6 1 3

2.7 3 -0.3 0 3

2.8 3 -0.2 0 3
 DECODER - DPCM

xq (n)
eq (n) x^(n)=xq(n-1)
=x^(n) + eq (n)

2 0 2

0 2 2
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Recieved Signal:

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0 2 2

1
2-2-2-3-3-3
2 3

0 3 3

0 3 3
 DPCM

Recieved Signal:

2-2-2-3-3-3
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Input Signal:

2.1 - 2.2 - 2.3 - 2.6 - 2.7 - 2.8

 DPCM - Problem 2

Consider the input of a differential pulse code modulation are the following
examples.

x(n) = { 0.9 , 1.4 , 3.7 , 2.8 , 3.5 , 2.8 }

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Plot the table and identify the encoded signal and decoded signal of a
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DPCM.

Assume first order prediction filter.

x^(n) = Xq (n-1) where initial value is zero.

 ENCODER - DPCM

e (n) xq (n)
x (n) x^(n)=xq(n-1) eq (n)
= x (n) - x^(n) =x^(n) + eq (n)

0.9 0 0.9 1 1

1.4 1 0.4 0 1
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3.7 1 2.7 3 4

2.8
1 - 0 - 3 - (-1) - 1 - (-1)
4 -1.2 -1 3

3.5 3 0.5 1 4

2.8 4 -1.2 -1 3
 DECODER - DPCM

xq (n)
eq (n) x^(n)=xq(n-1)
=x^(n) + eq (n)

1 0 1

0 1 1
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3 1 4

-1
1-1-4-3-4-3
4 3

1 3 4

-1 4 3
 DPCM

Recieved Signal:

1-1-4-3-4-3
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Input Signal:

0.9 - 1.4 - 3.7 - 2.8 - 3.5 - 2.8

 DPCM - MIDRISE QUANTIZER

The Mid-Rise type is so called because the origin lies in the middle of

a raising part of the stair-case like graph.

The quantization levels in this type are even in number.

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 MIDRISE QUANTIZER - Problem 1

Using Midrise Quantizer , find the DPCM output for the given input
sequence. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4.5, 3.5}
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 ENCODER - DPCM - MIDRISE TYPE

e (n) xq (n)
x (n) x^(n)=xq(n-1) eq (n)
= x (n) - x^(n) =x^(n) + eq (n)

0 0 0 0.5 0.5

1 0.5 Transmitted
0.5 Signal: 0.5 1
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{0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5, 1.5, -0.5}
2 1 1 0.5 1.5
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3 1.5 1.5 1.5 3

4.5 3 1.5 1.5 4.5

3.5 4.5 -1 -0.5 4

 DECODER - DPCM - MIDRISE TYPE

xq (n)
eq (n) x^(n)=xq(n-1)
=x^(n) + eq (n)

0.5 0 0.5

0.5 0.5 1
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Recieved Signal:

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0.5 1 1.5

{0.5, 1, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 4}

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1.5 1.5 3

1.5 3 4.5

-0.5 4.5 4
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Group 5:
Leader: Bea Ampoloquio
Members: Nommel Tercero

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Anfernee Fernandez

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Hannah Valenzuela
Joefrey Diaz
Jaspher Supangan