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All About Software: CSE 1110 - Introduction To Computer Systems Course Teacher: Khushnur Binte Jahangir

The document discusses an introduction to computer systems course taught by Khushnur Binte Jahangir. It describes how computers work using binary and how hardware and software interact. Software includes operating systems, applications, and programming software. Programming languages allow humans to write instructions for computers, which are then compiled into machine language that computers understand as binary.

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mahbub mitul
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158 views18 pages

All About Software: CSE 1110 - Introduction To Computer Systems Course Teacher: Khushnur Binte Jahangir

The document discusses an introduction to computer systems course taught by Khushnur Binte Jahangir. It describes how computers work using binary and how hardware and software interact. Software includes operating systems, applications, and programming software. Programming languages allow humans to write instructions for computers, which are then compiled into machine language that computers understand as binary.

Uploaded by

mahbub mitul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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All About Software

CSE 1110 – Introduction to Computer


Systems
Course teacher: Khushnur Binte Jahangir

1
2
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All these, under the hood,


are ……………
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THESE!!!
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How a computer works


 The components of a computer (the hardware) work strictly in the
language of 0 and 1
 High voltage means 1, Low voltage means 0
 Every instruction of a computer is encoded in binary
 Every data is also encoded in binary
 Your CV, your profile picture, NFS Most Wanted, Avengers Infinity War
– everything is binary to a computer
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Software
 A software is a set of instructions that tells the computer to do a
specific task
 Example: Notepad
 Takes input from user
 Shows whichever input has the user given in the window
 Can store input in txt files
 Can show existing txt files
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Operating System in Computer Architecture


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Operating system
 Manages hardware and software resources
 Communicates with the hardware
 Allocates memory to software
 Provides common services for programs (e.g. network connectivity,
peripherals etc.)
 Example: Windows, Linux, MacOS, iOS, Android
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Application software
 Does some very specific tasks
 Usually real life tasks, like writing, drawing, browsing etc.
 Runs on top of operating system
 Depends on operating system for resources
 Example: Word, PowerPoint, Photoshop, NFS Most Wanted,
Roadrash
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Programming software
 Helps users to write programs in a language they prefer
 Useful for developers, but not used by normal users
 Example: GCC, Visual Studio, Codeblocks, Netbeans, Android
Studio
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Programming Language
A programming language is a vocabulary and set of grammatical
rules for instructing a computer or computing device to perform
specific tasks.
 We can write instructions for computer in different languages
 C, Java, PHP, C#, Python etc.
 Not English, Bangla, Hindi, Arabic
 But computer does not even understand C, Java etc. languages
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Different Programming Language


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Machine Language
 Machine Language : A machine language is a collection of binary
digits or bits that the computer reads and interprets.
 Machine language is the only language a computer is capable of
understanding.
 Limitation: 1. It is very tedious and error prone process of writing
programs in machine languages .
 Example: 01100100….
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Assembly Language
 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGES: it is low level programming language
in which the sequence of 0s and 1s are replaced by mnemonic (ni-
monic) codes.
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Machine Language and High-Level Language


 High-Level Language: High level languages are English like
statements and that are needed to be translated into machine
language .
 C,C++,Java, Python..etc
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Compiler
 When you write a program in a language (say, in C), the program is
first passed through a program called the compiler
 This converts your program in a form computer can understand
(consisting of 0’s and 1’s)
 Some random 0’s and 1’s?
 Nope
 Every pattern has some meaning
 We will not understand easily, though 
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Compiled Languages(C/C++)
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Encoding
 To represent one information by means of another
 Instructions for a computer are encoded in binary
 Example: A machine might have these commands:
 Add – 00000101
 Subtract – 00001101
 Fetch from memory – 10000101
 Store in memory - 10000100

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