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Speech Production

This document discusses speech production in 3 paragraphs or less: 1) Speech production involves three main stages: conceptualization where thoughts are linked to words, formulation where grammatical forms and sounds are organized, and articulation where motor systems produce sounds using the vocal apparatus. Speech can be spontaneous, reactive, or imitative. 2) There are three stages of speech production: conceptual preparation where intentions link concepts to words, formulation including grammatical and phonological encoding, and articulation using lungs, glottis, and vocal tract. Encoding is representing sounds with symbols. 3) Accepted speech production models include conceptual, syntactic, lexical, phonological, and phonetic stages, and allow for forward planning,

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LU'LU NAZHIROH
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89 views8 pages

Speech Production

This document discusses speech production in 3 paragraphs or less: 1) Speech production involves three main stages: conceptualization where thoughts are linked to words, formulation where grammatical forms and sounds are organized, and articulation where motor systems produce sounds using the vocal apparatus. Speech can be spontaneous, reactive, or imitative. 2) There are three stages of speech production: conceptual preparation where intentions link concepts to words, formulation including grammatical and phonological encoding, and articulation using lungs, glottis, and vocal tract. Encoding is representing sounds with symbols. 3) Accepted speech production models include conceptual, syntactic, lexical, phonological, and phonetic stages, and allow for forward planning,

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LU'LU NAZHIROH
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SPEECH PRODUCTION

1) Lu’lu Nazhiroh (18050023)


2) Anjung Prasetya Putra (18050025)
Speech Production

Speech production is the process by which


thoughts are translated into speech.

This includes the selection of words, the organization of


relevant grammatical forms, and then the articulation
of the resulting sounds by the motor system using the
vocal apparatus.

Speech production can be spontaneous,


reactive, or imitative

Speech production is not the same as language


production since language can also be produced
manually by signs.
the picture of speech production

a normally speech is created with


pulmonary pressure provided by the
lungs that generates sound by phonation
through the glottis in the larynx that then
is modified by the vocal tract into
different vowels and consonants.

However speech production can occur


without the use of the lungs and glottis in
a laryngeal speech by using the upper
parts of the vocal tract.

The development of speech production


throughout an individual's life starts from
an infant's first babble and is transformed
into fully developed speech by the age of
five.
1. Three stages of Speech Production

a spoken language involves three major levels of processing, there are:


conceptualization, formulation, and articulation.
Processes of conceptualization or conceptual preparation.
1 In which the intention to create speech links a desired concept to the
particular spoken words to be expressed.
formulation in which the linguistic form required for the expression
2 of the desired message is created.
Formulation includes grammatical encoding, morpho-phonological encoding,
and phonetic encoding. Grammatical encoding is the process of selecting the
appropriate syntactic word. Morpho-phonological encoding is the process of
breaking words down into syllables to be produced in overt speech. Phonetic
encoding refers the mapping of an abstract linguistics code of the utterance into
motor programmes which guide speech articulation.
Articulation
3 which is the execution of the articulatory score by the lungs, glottis, larynx,
tongue, lips, jaw and other parts of the vocal apparatus resulting in speech.
Note : Encoding is the process of hearing a sound and
being able to write a symbol to represent that sound.
2. History of speech production

the examples of speech errors

what the speaker what the speaker


intended to say actually said
3. Aspects of speech production models

Models of speech production must contain


specific elements to be viable. The accepted
models of speech production discussed in more
detail all incorporate stages either explicitly or
implicitly, and the ones that are now outdated or
disputed have been criticized for overlooking one
or more of the following stages.
The attributes of accepted
speech models are:
1. a conceptual stage where the speaker abstractly identifies what
they wish to express.
2. a syntactic stage where a frame is chosen that words will be placed
into, this frame is usually sentence structure.
3. a lexical stage where a search for a word occurs based on meaning.
Once the word is selected and retrieved, information about it
becomes available to the speaker involving phonology and
morphology.
4. a phonological stage where the abstract information is converted
into a speech like form.
5. a phonetic stage where instructions are prepared to be sent to the
muscles of articulation. Also, models must allow for forward
planning mechanisms, a buffer, and a monitoring mechanism.
END

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