DYAL SINGH

COLLEGE
BSc (Hons.) Computer Science

UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

Presented by :
UTKARSH MISHRA
[21/94039]
Presented to :
SAMBHAWNA CHAUDHARY

A presentation on :
DISASTER MANAGEMEN
Contents :

 Mitigation & Preparedness

 NDMA & NIDM

 Indigenous Knowledge

 Community Based Disaster Management

 DO’s & DON’T’s during & Post-Disaster

 Mitigation :
 Mitigation & “The reduction or elimination of future risk.”

In classical meaning, mitigation refers to a sustained action

Preparedness taken to reduce or eliminate risk to people and property.
Preparedness :
“A practiced state of readiness to respond.”

Preparedness can be defined as a state of readiness to

respond to a disaster, crisis, or any other type of emergency
situation.

Mitigation and preparedness constitute one-half of the

classic emergency management cycle, with response and
recovery completing the sequence. Mitigation and
preparedness generally occur before a disaster ever occurs,
although post- disaster mitigation and preparedness,
conducted in recognition that similar events are likely in
the future, make these two activities somewhat general to
the entire emergency management cycle.
  Introduction :
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the apex statutory

 NDMA
body for disaster management in India.
The NDMA was formally constituted on 27th September 2006, in accordance with
the Disaster Management Act, 2005 with Prime Minister as its Chairperson and
nine other members, and one such member to be designated as Vice-Chairperson.
 Mandate :
Its primary purpose is to coordinate response to natural or man-made disasters
and for capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response.
Functions and Responsibilities :
 Vision :
 Approve the National Disaster Plan.
To build a safer and disaster resilient India by a holistic, proactive, technology
 Lay down policies on disaster management. driven and sustainable development strategy that involves all stakeholders and
 Approve plans prepared by Ministries or fosters a culture of prevention, preparedness and mitigation.
Departments of the Central Government in  Evolution :
accordance with National Plan.  In recognition of the importance of Disaster Management as a national priority,
 Coordinate enforcement and implementation of the Government of India set up a High-Powered Committee (HPC) in August
disaster management policy and plan. 1999 and a National Committee after the Gujarat earthquake (2001), for
making recommendations on the preparation of Disaster Management plans
 Recommend provision of funds for the purpose of and suggesting effective mitigation mechanisms.
mitigation.  On 23 December 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster
 Lay down broad policies and guidelines for the Management Act, which envisaged the creation of NDMA, headed by the Prime
Minister, and State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by
functioning of National Institute of Disaster
respective Chief Ministers, to spearhead and implement a holistic and
Management. integrated approach to Disaster Management in India.
  Introduction :
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)

NIDM
( राष्ट्रीय आपदा प्रबंधन संस्थान ), is a premier institute for training and
capacity development programs for managing natural disasters
in India, on a national as well as regional basis. The National
Centre of Disaster Management (NCDM), constituted under
an Act of Parliament in 1995; was re-designated to give the
present name of National Institute of Disaster Management
(NIDM) by the Disaster Management Act 2005 passed
Functions and Responsibilities :
by President of India on 9 January 2006.
 Develop training modules, undertake research and
documentation in disaster management and organize  History :
training programmes.
The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction,
 provide required assistance to the training and proposed with the purpose of ensuring the implementation of
research institutes for development of training and the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction prompted the
research programmes for stakeholders including Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) under the Ministry
Government functionaries and undertake training of of Agriculture and Cooperation, the nodal ministry for disaster
faculty members of the State level training institutes.
management in India to establish a national centre for
 develop educational materials for disaster management and planning the control of such natural disasters
management including academic and professional in 1995.
courses. The center was later upgraded as the National Institute of
 promote awareness among stakeholders including Disaster management (NIDM) on 16 October 2003, with the
college or school teachers and students, technical transfer of the subject of disaster management to the Ministry of
personnel and others associated with multi-hazard Home Affairs. The institute was inaugurated by Home Minister
mitigation, preparedness and response measures. of India on 11 August 2004.
 Some of the examples or the approaches regarding
indigenous knowledge are listed below :
 Indigenous  For Drought :

Knowledge  A town called Devagiri patnam of Telangana which experienced

the drought over recent many years made the occupation of local
farmers under danger, so the local community decided to make
250 lakes/ponds themselves to cope with the threat of draught.
 Introduction :
 The piklam block of Bhubaneshwar addresses an uncommon
In the early days, when people came to know about
various types of disasters, they started to apply some
illustration of using ingenious knowledge for the management of
of the indigenous methods in order to cope up with drought for example chahala is a old age method of water
those disasters. Since then, those indigenous ways of storing structure that empowers the locals plentiful inventory of
ancestors are practised even today by their respective water in any event, during drought and they have that which
generations in order to make themselves safe for any provide water in drought like situations.
upcoming disasters or its ill effects.
 Tikamgarh town lying more water and are more in the province
There are numerous examples of overcoming various of Madhya Pradesh embraced natural and organic cultivating
types of disasters at the root level that shows how the rather than the present HYV seeds that requires vulnerable to
traditional knowledge can be gainful for all the
droughts alongside this they additionally selected contour
organizations in making a effective arrangement for
disasters’ moderation, also engaging the local people cultivating and built up specific inclines in their fields so that the
in such occasions can help in accomplishment of the effective usage of water should be possible. All of these
successful cope up mechanism. exercises empowered the town to defeat the threat of drought.
 More Examples and Approaches on
various disasters :

For Flood :
At the time of floods and after flood has occurred, fishes are plentiful and there prices drop, some fish become
scant and expensive in time of crisis. The fishermen in these way utilized prevention strategies for these fishes,
for example, dry fish with the help of fire so that there is a continued supply of fish in time of crisis. Fishermen
had various methods that were useful in early forecast of floods, for example, perceptions dependent on:
changes in creature activities, like dogs, cows, birds, insects; and changes in planetary bodies etc.
People of Kerala cook some dry desserts. The sweet has ingredients like flour, milk, seeds and some dry natural
products in it. These dry desserts are loaded with nutritious quality and durable attributes. The plans and fixings
are indigenously accessible to cook such desserts. When there is a flood, these desserts are utilized by
individuals as there is nothing to cook in the house. There is another convention in the nearby towns that they
send some cooked rice and other cooked things to the area which are affected.
  Introduction :
 Community-  The government alone cannot and will not be able to manage and handle all
Based Disaster types of disasters with its machinery without active participation by the
people of any country, according to a common theory given by policy
management makers, experts, and professionals. Failures of top-down effective disaster
management approach to reduce risks from of disasters land evidence to
this notion. As a consequence, numerous scholars and stakeholders feel that
it is high time to adopt a new strategy that will involve vulnerable people
 Principles of CBDM : directly in planning and implementation of mitigation, preparedness,
o To enrich the community involvement in risk response, and recovery measures. This is because communities are the best
reduction, it is important to first assess the risk with judges of their own vulnerability and are capable of making the best
the help of a community decisions regarding their well-being. This philosophy involves local level
o The focus of attention in long-term and short-term people, leaders and community to provide necessary services and logistics
disaster management will be the local community. to the victims during and after the disaster. Such a strategy has been
o Disaster risk or vulnerability reduction is the encouraged both in the developed and the developing countries and
launched on Community Based Disaster Management (CBDM) strategy.
foundation of CBDM.
o Enhanced risks due to poorly planned development  About :
programmes turn minor emergencies into disasters.
o In CBDM approach, community is a key resource in  Processes of CBDM are guided by principles of subsidiarity,
disaster risk reduction. economies of scale, equity, heterogeneity, and public accountability.
o Priority is given to improve the conditions of the most The different stages in CBDM are disaster/vulnerability risk
assessment, risk reduction planning, early warning systems, post-
vulnerable mobilization/evacuation to safe places. disaster relief, and participatory monitoring and evaluation .
  DO’s & DON’T’s :
 During Earthquakes
 Drop, cover & hold. Stay away from windows,

DO&
bookcases, bookshelves, heavy mirrors,
hanging plants, fans and other heavy objects.
Stay under ‘cover’ till the shaking stops.
 After tremors subside exit your home or
school building and move to open fields.

Don’t’s
 Do not push others.
 During Flood
 Do not walk through flowing water.
 Do not drive through a flooded area.
 During a Landslides
 Stay alert and awake. Many debris-flow
fatalities occur when people are sleeping.
 During Disasters : Listen to a Weather Radio or portable, battery-
powered radio or television for warnings of
There are some precautions and measures that should be intense rainfall.
taken and kept in mind during disasters are mentioned  Be aware that intense, short burst of rain may
here : be particularly dangerous, especially after
longer periods of heavy rainfall and damp
weather.
 
DO’s & DON’T’s :
 Make sure you, your family members,

DO&
and pets are safe and accounted for.
 Attend to physical injuries and
emotional distress.
 If you have a home standing, but there

Don’t’s
is damage, secure your property.
 If you can, remove valuable items that
cannot be secured in your home.  Get
these to the home of a friend or family
member outside of the disaster area,
if possible. 
 If you can still live in your home, but it
 Post/After Disasters : requires some critical repairs, contact
your insurance agent. 
There are some precautions and measures that should also
be taken and kept in mind even after disasters are mentioned  You will need to register at :
here : https://www.disasterassistance.gov