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91 views22 pages

HTN Role Development

Uploaded by

api-507694117
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Living with Hypertension

Hannah Gallagher
2/13/2022
Purpose

 Educate patients and family members with newly diagnosed primary hypertension. Also to inform patients
on proper management and lifestyle modifications to manage their disease.
 The material can be learned or reinforced for those non-compliant with diet instructions, physical activity,
and medication regimen.
Target audience

 Adult patients diagnosed with primary hypertension


 Adult patients with hypertension who are struggling with medication compliance and lifestyle changes
 Family members who are interested in learning more about the disease or family members at high risk of
developing the disease
 Patients with primary hypertension that struggle with hospital admissions due to their disease
Objectives

 Determine the appropriate patient population


 Define the pathophysiology of hypertension
 Explain the side effects
 Educate the patient on medications that are used for once the diagnosis is made
 Educate the patient and family on how to manage at home
 Inform patients and family members when to seek help
Goals

 The patient is able to identify what primary hypertension is


 The patient will explain at least 2 side effects of hypertension
 The patient will understand and be able to identify lifestyle modifications to help with the disease
 The patient will have the knowledge on when to seek help
What is Primary hypertension?

 Hypertension- condition that involves elevation of force against the artery walls.
 Untreated can cause weakening of artery walls increasing risk of stroke and organ damage. Blood pressure
directly affects organ perfusion.
 Primary (essential) hypertension: defined as hypertension that has no identifiable cause.
 A diagnosis is made by ruling out any possible causes of blood pressure elevation.
 Primary hypertension is a progressive disorder, without treatment patients will experience a gradual rise in
Blood pressure over the rest of their lives.
 With proper diagnosis and treatment one can successfully live with hypertension
Fun fact

 Did you know in the united states primary hypertension affects about 30% of adults.
 Some groups are at higher risk, those include
 Older individuals
 African Americans
 Postmenopausal women
Diagnosis

 Diagnosis is based off of several blood pressure readings, not just one.
 If the initial screening shows an elevation in blood pressure and does not indicate immediate danger, then
measurements should be repeated on two subsequent visits at least 5 minutes apart.
 The patient must be seated in a chair, with feet on the floor
 High readings should be confirmed in the contralateral arm
 If the mean of all readings shows that systolic blood pressure (SBP) is greater than 130 mm Hg, a diagnosis can be
made
Diagnosis continued..

 An ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM) would be the ideal source of diagnosis, because office-
based measurements are often abnormally high
 Causing individuals to be diagnosed with hypertension without actually having it
 Abpm is a way to prevent false positive readings
Diagnosis

 Diagnosis can come from meeting gone or more of the following criteria:
 A 24-hour mean of ≥125 mmHg systolic or ≥75 mmHg diastolic
 Daytime (awake) mean of ≥130 mmHg systolic or ≥80 mmHg diastolic
 Nighttime (asleep) mean of ≥110 mmHg systolic or ≥65 mmHg diastolic
What do systolic and diastolic mean?
Understanding blood pressure Readings
Risk Factors

Non-Modifiable: Modifiable:

Family history Lack of physical activity

Age Unhealthy diet


Being overweight/obese
Gender
Drinking too much alcohol
Race
High cholesterol
Diabetes
Smoking or tobacco use
stress
Symptoms
Hypertension can be symptom or asymptomatic.

If symptoms occur they may include:


Lifestyle Modifications

 Avoid salt substitutes


 Remain consistent
 Take medications as directed
 Regularly track and record at home
blood pressure readings.
 Exercise
 Weight loss
Diet
 The DASH diet is a healthy-eating plan designed to help treat or prevent high blood pressure
(hypertension). The DASH diet includes foods that are rich in potassium, calcium and magnesium. These
nutrients help control blood pressure. The diet limits foods that are high in sodium, saturated fat and added
sugars.
First-Line Medications

 Thiazide-like or thiazide-type diuretics


 Rids the body of access fluid along, decreasing potassium reabsorption.
 Can cause increase in urine output
 Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, and indapamide
 Long-acting calcium channel blockers 
 Block calcium, allowing heart and vessels to relax
 Amlodipine (Norvasc), Diltiazem, Felodipine.
 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
 Prevents narrowing of blood vessel walls by decreasing angiotensin
 Lisinopril, Captopril, Enalapril (Vasotec)
 Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
 Blocks hormone receptors
 Eprosartan, Irbesartan (Avapro), Losartan (Cozaar)
Goal Blood Pressure!

 Systolic Blood Pressure: less than 130 mm Hg


 Diastolic Blood Pressure: less than 80 mm Hg

 While following medication therapy


Resources
 Primary Care Physician/Nurse Practitioner- great resource for monitoring and treating your disease. Also,
offers knowledge about risks and preventative measures
 Dietician- help ease the adjustment to the new diet, DASH diet
 Pharmacists- educational information regarding medication including side effects and interactions
 Speak to your provider about medical equipment at home
When to seek Help

 Seek medical attention if home blood pressure reading is greater than 180/120.
 Also, if you are exhibiting any of the following symptoms:
 Chest Pain
 Shortness of Breath
 Numbness
 Weakness
References:
American Heart Association. (2017, December 31). Know your risk factors for high blood pressure. www.heart.org.
Retrieved February 13, 2022, from https://www.heart.org/en/health- topics/high-blood-pressure/why-high-blood-
pressure-is-a-silent-killer/know-your-risk-factors-for- high-blood-pressure 

Huether, S., McCance, K. (2019) Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis For Disease In Adults and Children  (8th ed.)
Elsevier. 

Joel, L. A. (2018). Advanced practice nursing: Essentials for role development (4th ed.). F.A. Davis Company. 

Rosenthal, L. D. & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurses and Physician
Assistants (2nd ed.). Elsevier. 

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