Introduction to Information Systems

Data, Information and Knowledge

 How do “Information” differ from “Data”?

 There is also things such as “Knowledge”.
How are they related?
Data, Information and Knowledge

Data Information
Transformation Process
(selecting, organizing, manipulating)

Practical Use

Knowledge
 Translating Data to Information

 Grouping
 Lebelling
 Sorting
 Graphing
 Statistics
 Etc.
 Data
In Out Customer Order Income
1600 1631 1M 1 Chocolate 20.-
2 Strawberry, 1 Coconut
1612 1625 1F1M 60.-
2 Chocolate, 1 Lemon,
1615 1725 4M 2 Strawberry, 1 Banana
105.-

1659 1734 1F 3 Coconut 60.-

1 Chocolate, 1 Vanilla,
1708 1812 2F1M 1 Coffee
60.-
3 Coffee, 1 Wafer
1722 1751 1F2M 70.-
1723 1749 1M 1 Coconut, 1 Chocolate, 2 80.-
Strawberry
2 Vanilla
1730 1815 1M 40.-
1 Coffee
2201 2240 1M 20.-
 Information
 Customers  Popular menu
 12 Male - 5 Female  Strawberry - 6 (7, 2, 4, 6, 8)
 Vanilla - 6 (10, 5, 8, 7, 6)
 Peak period
 Chocolate - 5 (4, 7, 4, 5, 5)
 1600-1815
 Coconut - 5 (6, 2, 9, 6, 7)
 Income  Unpopular menu
 515.-  Lemon - 1 (0, 0, 0, 1, 0)
 Payment  Guava - 0 (0, 0, 1, 1, 0)
 300.-  Red bean - 0 (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 Financial statistics
 1 day + 10%
 1 week + 20%
 1 month + 20%
 Knowledge

 Promote and stock more strawberry and

chocolate
 Terminate guava, red bean and lemon menu
 Change closing time to 1900
 Replace the male staff
 System

 A set of elements or components that interact

to accomplish goals
 Components of A System

 Inputs
 Processing mechanisms
 Outputs
 Feedback
 Concept of A System

Processing
Input Output

Feedback
 Performance of A System

 Efficiency
 Proportion of outputs and inputs
 Effectiveness
 Achievement of objectives
 Performance of A System

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

F D C B A F D C B A F D C B A

Efficiency – OK Efficiency – Poor Efficiency – Good

Effectiveness – OK Effectiveness – OK Effectiveness – ?
 Information Systems

 A set of interrelated components that collect,

manipulate, and disseminate data and
information, and provide feedback to meet an
objective (Stair & Reynolds, 2010)

 Complementary networks of hardware and

software that people and organizations use to
collect, filter, process, create and distribute
data (Wikipedia, 2014)
Components of An Information System

Inputs Process Outputs

Feedback
 Inputs
 Gathering and capturing of raw data
 Processing mechanisms
 Converting data into useful outputs
 Outputs
 Useful information
 Feedback
 Information that is used to make changes to the input and processing
components
Concept of An Information System

Data Information Information

System
 Components of
Computer-Based Information Systems

 Hardware
 Software
 People
 Telecommunications
 Databases
 Procedures
Development of Business Information Systems

TPS MIS DSS Specialized

Transaction Management Decision business
Processing Information Support information
System System System systems
&
Electronics
Commerce
&
Inter-Organization
information
exchange systems
Types of Internal Information Systems

Executive
Support
Systems
(ESS, EIS) Decision
Support
Systems
Management
(DSS)
Information
Systems
(MIS)

Office
Automation Transaction
Systems Processing
(OAS) Systems
(TPS)
Types of Internal Information Systems

IS Inputs Processing Outputs Users

ESS Aggregate data, Graphics, Projections Senior
External, internal Simulation management

DSS Low volume data, Interactive, Special reports, Staff manager

Analytic models Simulation Decision analyses

MIS Transaction data, Routine report Summary, Middle manager

High volume data Exception reports

OAS Office documents, Word processing, Documents, Managers

Schedule Storage Schedule

TPS Transaction, Sorting, Detail report, Operation

Events Listing List personnel
 Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

 ระบบประมวลผลรายการเปลีย ่ นแปลง
 A software system, or software/hardware combination, that
supports transaction processing (Wikipedia, 2014)

 Features
 Rapid response
 Reliability
 Inflexibility
 Controlled processing

 Example
 Point-of-Sale
 Library loan
TPS: Examples
 Office Automation Systems (OAS)

 ระบบสำน ักงานอ ัตโนม ัติ

 Varied computer machinery and software used to
digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay
office information needed for accomplishing basic
tasks  (Wikipedia, 2014)

 Example
 Work flows
 Project scheduling
OAS: Examples
 Management Information Systems (MIS)

 ระบบสารสนเทศเพือ ่ การจ ัดการ

 A system which provides information that
organizations require to manage themselves
efficiently and effectively (Wikipedia, 2014)

 Example
 Flight information system
 Student information system
MIS: Examples
 Decision Support Systems (DSS)

 ระบบสน ับสนุนเพือ ิ ใจ
่ การต ัดสน
 A system that supports business or
organizational decision-making activities
(Wikipedia, 2014)

 Example
 Price evaluation system
 Potential drilling sites
DSS Examples
 Executive Support Systems (ESS)

 ระบบสน ับสนุนผูบ ้ ริหารระด ับสูง

 Also-called Executive Information Systems (EIS)
 A type of management information system that
facilitates and supports senior executive information
and decision-making needs (Wikipedia, 2014)

 Example
 Market and sales analysis system
 A.C.M.E (Agent Call Monitoring & Evaluation)
ESS: Examples
 Structure of An Information System

Source: http://blog.maia-intelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/042908-1415-functionalm2.png
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

 ระบบการวางแผนทร ัพยากรองค์กร
 A business management software that a comp
any can use to collect, store, manage and inter
pret data from many business activities
(Wikipedia, 2012)
 Examples of ERP Packages

 Tier I
 SAP
 Oracle
 Microsoft Dynamics
 Tier II
 Epicor
 Sage
 QAD
 Ross
 Tier III
 ABAS
 Baan
 Syspro
Source: Panorama Consulting Group, 2014,
http://go.panorama-consulting.com/rs/panoramaconsulting/images/2014-Manufacturing-ERP-Report.pdf
 ERP Statistics

(See Panorama Consulting Group Report 2014)

 Costs of Implementing ERP Packages

Vendor Average Project Cost

Oracle $5.0 million
SAP $6.7 million
Microsoft Dynamics $1.8 million
Tier II $3.1 million
Tier III/Other $1.1 million

Source: Panorama Consulting Group, 2010

http://panorama-consulting.com/Documents/2011-Guide-to-ERP-Systems-and-Vendors.pdf
 SAP Tryout!

 SAP Online Configurator:

https://www.sapconfigurator.com/sapcfg/build/index.html?
lang=en&campaign=CRM-US08-HUB-TC_FSTWEB&cntry=us
 Specialized Business Information System

 Knowledge Management System (KMS)

 Organized collection of people, procedures,
software, databases, and devices to create, store,
share, and use the organization’s knowledge and
experience

 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

 Computer system takes on characteristics of
human intelligence
 Specialized Business Information System

 Expert Systems
 Give computer ability to make suggestions and
function like an expert in a particular field

 Virtual reality
 Simulation of a real or imagined environment that
can be experienced visually in three dimensions
 Augmented reality
 Electronics Commerce

 Often called as “e-Commerce”, “eCommerce”,

“e-comm” or “e-Business”.
  Trading in products or services using
computer networks, such as the Internet
(Wikipedia, 2014)
 Information Systems in the Supply Chain

Inbound logistics/ Packing/

Raw materials Warehouse/ Production Outbound logistics Customer service
Storage
ACTIVITIES

Supplier Purchasing Production Distribution Customer

Internal Supply Chain

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Inbound tracking
Process control Automated packing Customer service
system/
Supplier database system and retrieval tracking and control
Inventory control
system system
system
 Functions of Information Systems in
Logistics
 Collaborative planning
 Forecasting
 Inventory management
 Order management
 Transport management
 Etc.
 Challenges

 Standards
 Culture and language
 Time and distance
 Technology and infrastructure
 Currency and exchange rates
 Laws and legal aspects
 Privacy, permission and confidentiality
In-Class Assignment
 Critical Thinking

 Form four groups

 Discuss and criticize connections between the
following challenges and information systems
in Thailand

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4

 Laws  Culture  Infrastructure  Language

 Three minutes presentation

Assignment
 Information Engineering

 Spilt into four groups.

 Build a Facebook page with an objective of
anything.
 Promote your page. Aim for the highest likes
as possible.
 Present your strategy on 25 September 2014.