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2/25/22 Medical Surgical Nursing-Ii 1

The document discusses anemia, defining it as a low red blood cell count. It describes the normal red blood cell counts for males and females. It then covers the main types of anemia - iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia, hemolytic anemia, anemia from chronic diseases, aplastic anemia, and sickle cell anemia. The clinical features, investigations, medical management, and nursing management of anemia are also outlined.

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Salman Khan
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78 views13 pages

2/25/22 Medical Surgical Nursing-Ii 1

The document discusses anemia, defining it as a low red blood cell count. It describes the normal red blood cell counts for males and females. It then covers the main types of anemia - iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia, hemolytic anemia, anemia from chronic diseases, aplastic anemia, and sickle cell anemia. The clinical features, investigations, medical management, and nursing management of anemia are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Salman Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 1

Anemia

 Anemia is defined as the low RBC’s


(erythrocytes) counts.
 Normal values:
 Male: 14-16 gm
 Female 13-15 gm

2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 2


Anemia

2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 3


Types of the anemia:

 Iron deficiency anemia:


 Iron deficiency anemia is defined as iron is insufficient in
the body and erythrocytes are not formed and result in
iron deficiency anemia occurs.
 Etiology:
 Mal-absorption
 Decrease in iron diet
 Gastritis
 Intestinal worms
 Excessive menstrual bleeding
 Loss of blood
2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 4
Types of the anemia:

 Megablastic anemia:
 Anemia due to the deficiency of Vitamin B-12
and folic acid, which are essential for DNA
synthesis due to deficiency of large number
of nucleotides immature (cells) magablast.
 Etiology:
 Deficiency of vitamin B-12
 Deficiency of folic acid

2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 5


Types of the anemia:

 Pernicious anemia:
 This is anemia which is caused due to the
deficiency of vitamin B-12.
 Etiology:
 Deficiency of vitamin B-12
 Insufficient of intrinsic factor
 Mal-absorption of the vitamin B-12
 Intestinal worms
 Mal-nutrition
2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 6
Types of the anemia:

 Hemolytic anemia:
 In this anemia, life of erythrocytes (80-120
days) becomes short bone marrow is unable
to form adequate amounts of erythrocytes
which are destroyed by disease such as:
Malarial Parasite

2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 7


Types of the anemia:
 Anemia due to the Chronic Disease
 Some chronic disease such as; tuberculosis,
Osteomyelitis cancer they decreases the count of
erythrocytes.
 Aplastic anemia:
 Bone marrow disorder characterized by abnormal
depression of cellular elements of blood due to the
reduction of erythrocytes.
 Sickle cell anemia:
 A genetically determined defect of the hemoglobin
synthesis characterized by presence of sickle cell anemia.
2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 8
Clinical features

 Pallor of mucus membrane


 Hypotension
 Hypovolumia
 Cold & bluish extremities
 Hypothermia
 Tachycardia
 Nail cracking

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Clinical features

 Brittle nails
 Dimminess of vision
 Headache
 Pale face
 Stomatitis
 Inflammation of tongue
 Drowsiness
 Dysponea
 Giddiness
2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 10
Investigation

 CBC
 ESR
 Hb test
 Serum for vitamin
 Blood for parasite test
 Urine DR

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Medical management

 Iron sulphate 225mg TDS


 Inj: vitamin B12
 Inj: Cobolmin
 Blood transfusion in severe case

2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 12


Nursing Management
 Advised for sufficient sleep.
 Advised for well balanced diet full with iron, vitamins, and
proteins.
 Carbohydrates and pretentious food encouragement.
 Extra warmth should be provided for hypothermia.
 Irritant foods, beverages and alcohol should be restricted.
 TPR & BP should be recorded.
 Mouth care should be provided to prevent from Stomatitis.
 Skin care should be given to prevent from bed sore.
 Maintains I/O chart.
 Maintain oxygen inhalation.
 Educate the patient for the hygienic purpose.
2/25/22 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-II 13

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