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19 views14 pages

1 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle

Uploaded by

ramzi esprims
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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XML

1 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


What is XML?
 "eXtensible Markup Language"
 New development in web creation
 Overcomes limitations of HTML
 small number of tags
 limited features
 several versions of the language
 XML allows you to create your own tags
 Separates content from presentation

2 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


SGML, HTML and XML
 SGML
 Standard Generalised Markup Language
 ISO standard since 1986
 complex but widely used "meta-language"
 HTML
 created using SGML for web delivery
 XML
 a simplified version of SGML for users to create
their own 'markup language'
 not just a new version of HTML, a different concept

3 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


Creating XML
Processing instruction
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<library>
<book> Tags - "elements"
<author>
<firstname>Bill</firstname>
<lastname>Bryson</lastname>
</author>
<booktitle>Notes From a Small
Island</booktitle>
<publisher>Transworld</publisher>
</book>
</library>

4 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


More XML Markup
 Empty elements <curtainup/>
 Attributes <book section="short loan">
 Special characters &lt; &#8478;
 Comments <!-- some text -->
 Data sections

<![CDATA[
*a = &b;
c = (d<=3);
]]>

5 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


Using Style with XML
 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for simple web
presentation
booktitle {
margin-left: 10%;
font-weight: bold;
}
 Present in multiple formats - print, audio...
 XSL eXtensible Style Language
 Transformations of XML
 e.g. reorder elements

6 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


XSL Transformations
XSL commands
<H1>
<xsl:for-each select="library/book"
order-by="author/lastname">

XML elements
<xsl:value-of
select="author/lastname"/>
</xsl:for-each>
</H1>
HTML template for formatting

7 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


Uses of XML
 Creating web pages - better structure
 Improved indexing and searching
www.goxml.com/
www.w3.org/XML/
 Simple "database" functionality - organising and
manipulating data "fields" within the page
 Configuring/manipulating information at client -
presenting information in different ways to different
users
 "E-business" - business to business transactions,
passing of tailored information e.g. inventory,
ordering etc

8 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


Linking Developments
XLink
 Multiple destinations for a link
 Different presentations of a linked resource
 replace existing page with new (as now)
 embedded in existing page
 display in new window
XPointer
 Replaces internal anchor

 Jump to any XML element within document

9 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


XHTML: HTML in XML
 Preparing HTML for use in XML
browsers
 HTML defined in XML
 Must close all tags <p> </p> or <p/>
 Tags in lower case
 Quote attribute values src="logo.gif"
 validate/correct documents

www.w3.org/People/Raggett/tidy

10 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


Browser Compatibility
Support for XML and CSS in common
browsers:
 Netscape 4 - no XML, moderate CSS
 IE4 - partial XML, reasonable CSS
 IE5 - good XML and CSS
 XML viewers available (special browers or
plug-ins)
 Server can change XML to HTML before
delivery

11 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


XML Applications

XML is well established in some areas e.g.


MathML (Mathematics Markup Language)
<expr>
<mci>x</mci>
<power/>
<mcn>2</mcn> x2+4
</expr>
<plus/>
<mcn>4</mcn>

12 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


XML Applications
MathML (Mathematics Markup Language) www.w3.org/TR/REC-
MathML
CML (Chemical Markup Language) www.venus.co.uk/omf/cml/
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
www.w3.org/RDF/
SMIL (Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language)
www.w3.org/TR/1998/PR-smil-19980409/
MusicML
www.tcf.nl/trends/trends6-en.html
CFML (Cold Fusion, for database integration)
www.allaire.com/documents/cf45docs/
acrobatdocs/45refcard.pdf

13 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle


References
W3Cs XML HomePage
www.w3.org/XML/
XML Homepage
www.xml.com
XML FAQ
www.ucc.ie/xml
Ariadne web articles
www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue16/what-is/

14 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle

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