Calculus

Finals reviewer
Pointers:

• Polynomial Curve
• Derivatives of
Transcendental Function
• Partial Differentiation
 Polynomial Curve
Tangent line and Normal lines

Slope:
y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1

Tangent Line:
y-y = m (x-x )
1 1

1
𝑦
Normal Line: − 𝑦 1=− ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)
𝑚
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’ Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x ) 𝑦 − 𝑦 1=− ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Find the TL and Nl

1 1 1 Normal Line: 𝑚

Eq’n
𝑦 =𝑥 √ 𝑥 −1 ,(5,10) Given: x1 = 5 m = ?
y1 = 10 TL = ? NL = ?

1 −
1
m = substitute the value of x on y’
𝑦 =𝑥 × ( 𝑥 − 1) 2 + √ 𝑥 − 1 × 1
′
2
3 𝑥−2
1 𝑦′ =
′
𝑦 =
1
𝑥 ( 𝑥 − 1)
−
2
+√ 𝑥 − 1 2 √ 𝑥 −1
2
3(5) −2
𝑚=
𝑦′ =
𝑥
+ √ 𝑥 −1 2 √ (5) −1
2 √ 𝑥 −1
15 − 2
𝑚=
2 √4
Using butterfly method you’ll get;

′ 3 𝑥−2 13
𝑦= 𝑚=
2 √ 𝑥 −1 4
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’ Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x ) 𝑦 − 𝑦 1=− ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Find the TL and Nl

1 1 1 Normal Line: 𝑚

Eq’n 13 ′ 3 𝑥−2
𝑚= 𝑦=
𝑦 =𝑥 √ 𝑥 −1 ,(5,10) Given: x1 = 5 m = ?
y1 = 10 TL = ? NL = ?
4 2 √ 𝑥 −1

Tangent Line Equation Normal Line Equation

13 4
𝑦 −10= ( 𝑥 −5) 𝑦 −10=− ( 𝑥 −5)
4 13

1 3 ( 𝑦 −10 ) =− 4 (𝑥 −5)
4 ( 𝑦 −10 )=13 (𝑥 − 5)
1 3 𝑦 −130=− 4 𝑥+20
4 𝑦 − 40=13 𝑥 −65
4 𝑥 +13 𝑦 −130 − 20=0
0=13 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 +40 − 65

4 𝑥 +13 𝑦 −150=0
13 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 − 25=0
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’ Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x ) 𝑦 − 𝑦 1=− ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Find the TL and Nl

1 1 1 Normal Line: 𝑚

Eq’n
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Find the TL and Nl

Eq’n
Now you try 

1. Find the line Tangent to and parallel to

2.

3. A line normal (perpendicular) to the curve at a point in the first quadrant also passes through
the point (0,34). Find an equation for this line

4.

5. , x = -3

6.
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Critical Points
𝑥3
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= −9 𝑥 Equate y’ = 0
3
0=𝑥2− 9
[ 3( 3 𝑥 ) − 𝑥 ( 0)
]
2 3
′
𝑦= −9
9
0=( 𝑥 − 3 ) ( 𝑥+3)

[ ]
2
′9𝑥
𝑦= −9 𝑥 −3=0 𝑥+3=0
9
𝑥=3 3 𝑥=−3
[ ]
2
′ 9𝑥 (3)
𝑦= −9 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= −9 (3) (− 3)3
9 3 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= − 9(−3)
3
9 𝑥 2 − 81
′
𝑦= Simplify 27 27
9 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= −27 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= +27
3 3
𝑦 ′ =𝑥 2 − 9 𝑦 =−18 𝑦 =36

𝐶𝑃 @ ( 3 ,− 18 ) (− 3,3 6)
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Angle Between Two Curves 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =

| 𝑚 2 −𝑚 1
1+𝑚2 𝑚1 |
𝑥𝑦=18 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 2=12 𝑥
18
Substitute the value of x into the second equation
𝑥𝑦=18 𝑦 2 =12 𝑥
𝑥= 2 18
𝑦 𝑦 =12( ) 𝑦
Using implicit differentiation

𝑦 𝑚1=− 2 𝑦𝑦 ′ =12
𝑥
𝑦 2 × 𝑦=12(18) 6
18 12
𝑥= 𝑦= ′
𝑦′ =
6
3
𝑦 =216 √ 𝑦 =√ 216
3 3 3
𝑚1=−
6 2𝑦 𝑦
𝑥=3 𝑦 =6 3 6
′
𝑦=
6
𝑚1=− 2 𝑚2=1
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Angle Between Two Curves 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =

| 𝑚 2 −𝑚 1
1+𝑚2 𝑚1 |
𝑥𝑦=18 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 2=12 𝑥 (3,6)
Substitute the value of x into the second equation

𝑚1=− 2 𝑚2=1

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
| 1−(− 2)
1+(− 2)(1) |
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃=
| 1+ 2
1+(− 2) | 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃= | |
3
−1
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃=|− 3|

𝜃=arctan 3 𝜃=71.56 °
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Angle Between Two Curves 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =

| 𝑚 2 −𝑚 1
1+𝑚2 𝑚1 |
𝑦 =𝑥2 + 4 𝑥 − 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =2 𝑥 2
𝑥=−2 ± 2 √ 2 X = 0.8 , x= -4.8
𝑚1=2 𝑥+ 4 𝑚2=4 𝑥

• Find the value of (x,y)

• Solve for y
2
𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 4=0
− 𝑏 ± √ 𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐
2
− 4 ± √ 4 − 4 (1)(− 4 )
2 𝑦 =2 𝑥 2
𝑥= 𝑥=
2𝑎 2(1) 𝑦 =2 (0.8 )2
− 4 ± √ 16 −(− 16) − 4 ± √ 16 +16 𝑦 =2 (0.64 )
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2 𝑦 =1.28 𝑜𝑟 1.3
− 4 ± √ 32 − 4 ± 4 √2
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2 𝑥=−2 ± 2 √ 2
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Angle Between Two Curves 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =

| 𝑚 2 −𝑚 1
1+𝑚2 𝑚1 |
𝑦 =𝑥2 + 4 𝑥 − 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =2 𝑥 2
𝑚1=2 𝑥+ 4 𝑚2=4 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃=
| 3. 2 −5.6
1+(3.2)(5.6)| 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃= | −2.4
1+17.92 |
x = 0.8 𝑦 =1.28 𝑜𝑟 1.3

𝑚1=2 ( 0.8 ) +4 𝑚2=4 (0.8)

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃=| |− 2.4
18.92
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃=|− 0. 126| 𝜃=arctan 0. 126

𝑚1=1.6 +4 𝑚2=3.2

𝑚1=5 . 6
𝜃=7.4
n °
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Curve tracing
𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥
1. Get critical points

𝑦 ′ =3 𝑥2 −6 𝑥+ 2 𝐶𝑃 @ ( 0.42,0 .38 )∧(1.58 , −0.38)

0=3 𝑥 2 − 6 𝑥 +2
0=3 𝑥 2 − 6 𝑥 +2 a=3 b = -6 c=2
− 𝑏 ± √ 𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐
2
6 ± √ (−6) − 4 (3)(2)
2 𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥
𝑥= 𝑥=
2𝑎 2( 3) 𝑦 =( 0.42)3 −3 ( 0.42 )2+ 2(0.42)
6 ± 2 √3
𝑦 =0.38
6 ± √ 36 −24 6 ± √ 12 𝑥=
𝑥= 𝑥=
2(3) 2 (3) 2(3)
3 2
3 ± √3 𝑦 =(1.58) −3 ( 1.58 ) + 2(1.58)
𝑥= Or 𝑥=1 ± √ 3
3 𝑦 =− 0.38
x = (-)0.42; (+) 1.58
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Curve tracing
𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥 𝐶𝑃 @ ( 0.42,0 .38 )∧(1.58 , −0.38)
2. Test Critical points 3. Inflection Point 4. Test Inflection Point
′′
′
𝑦 =3 𝑥 −6 𝑥+ 2 2
𝑦 =6 𝑥 − 6 c<a<d
𝑦 ′ ′ =6 𝑥 − 6 0 =6 𝑥 − 6 (0,0)− 0.5 <0< 0.5
(0.42 , 0.38) 0 =6 𝑥 − 6 𝑦 ′ =3(0.5)
𝑦 ′ =3(− 0.5)2 − 6(− 0.5)+ 2 2
− 6 (0.5)+2
𝑦 ′ ′ =6 (0.42)− 6 0 =6 (𝑥 − 1 ) 𝑦 ′ =5.75 𝑦 ′ =−0.25
𝑦 ′ ′ =− 3.48 𝑥=0 ; 𝑥=1 Since both of them is < or > 0, both are inflection points

Since -3.48 < 0, (0.42, 0.38) is the

maximum point 3
X= 0
2
− 0.5 <1<1.5
𝑦 =( 0) − 3(0) +2(𝑦0)
′
=3(− 0.5)2 − 6(− 0.5)+ 2
(1.58, -0.38) 𝑦 ′ =3(1.5)2
− 6 (1.5 )+
′′
𝑦 =6 (1.58)− 6 𝑦 ′ =5.75 𝑦 ′ =−0.25
𝑦 ′ ′ =3.48 Since both of them is < or > 0, both are inflection points

Since 3.48 > 0, (1.58, -0.38) is the

minimum point
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Curve tracing Maximum pt Minimum pt

𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 3 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥 𝐶𝑃 @ ( 0.42,0 .38 )∧(1.58 , −0.38)

Inflection Point: (0,0) (1,0)

5. Graph
 1
Slope: y = m (x-x ) ; m=y’
1 Tangent Line: y-y = m (x-x )
1 1 Normal Line:
𝑦 − 𝑦 1=−
𝑚
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1)

Find the Critical Point, Angle Between

Two Curves, and Curve Tracing
Now you try 

Critical Point Angle between Two Curves Curve Tracing

𝑥 4 𝑥3
1. 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= −
2
−3 𝑥 +10 𝑦 = 𝑥2 ( 𝑥 +3 )
4 3

2. 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=𝑥 2 √ 𝑥+5

3 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥 3 − 3 𝑥2 𝑦 +3 𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
Derivatives of Transcendental Functions
Derivatives of Transcendental Functions

1.
Udv + vdu

𝑦 ′ =csc 𝑥 ¿
𝑦 ′ =− csc 3 𝑥 − csc 𝑥 cot 2 𝑥
𝑦 ′ =− csc 𝑥 ¿ ¿

2.
𝑦 ′ =−sin 2 𝑥 ×2+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
𝑦 ′ =− 2 sin 2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥 Making reference of double angle identities

𝑦 ′ =− sin 2 𝑥
Derivatives of Transcendental Functions

3. 𝑦 =csc 𝑥 −cot 𝑥
𝑦 ′ =− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 − ¿
𝑦 ′ =− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥+ csc 2 𝑥
𝑦 ′ =csc
′
2
𝑥 − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑦 =csc 𝑥 ¿ ¿
simplify;
′ 1 1 cos 𝑥 ′ 1 1 − cos 𝑥
𝑦= ( − 𝑦) = ( )
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
1 − cos 𝑥
𝑦= 2
sin 𝑥
Derivatives of Transcendental Functions

1. 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =csc − 1 𝑥 − 4 cot − 1 𝑥
−1 −1
𝑦′ = −[4 × ]
𝑥 √𝑥 −1
2 2
1+ 𝑥
−1 −4
𝑦′ = − [ ]
𝑥 √𝑥 −1
2 2
1+ 𝑥
′ −1 4
𝑦 = 2n
+
𝑥 √𝑥 −1 1+ 𝑥2
Derivatives of Transcendental Functions

arcsin 𝑥
2. 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
1+ 𝑥
1
(1+ 𝑥 )× − arcsin 𝑥
𝑦 =
′ √1 − 𝑥 2

(1 + 𝑥 )2
1 +𝑥
− arcsin 𝑥
𝑦′ =
√ 1 − 𝑥 2

( 1 + 𝑥 )2
1 +𝑥 − arcsin 𝑥 √ 1− 𝑥2
𝑦′ = √ 1− 𝑥 2
× √ 1− 𝑥
2

(1+ 𝑥 )
2
√ 1− 𝑥 2
′ 1 + 𝑥 − arcsin 𝑥 √ 1 − 𝑥2
𝑦 = 2
√1 − 𝑥 2 ( 1 + 𝑥 )