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The Concept of Database Normalization Was First Introduced by Codd in His Paper

The document discusses database normalization and the three normal forms: 1) First normal form requires each cell contain a single value and records be uniquely identified by a primary key. 2) Second normal form removes subsets of data that apply to multiple rows and places them in separate tables linked through foreign keys. 3) Third normal form removes columns that are not dependent on the primary key, so all columns depend only on the primary key. The normalization process involves adjusting tables to comply with each successive normal form.

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Rishi Jain
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49 views18 pages

The Concept of Database Normalization Was First Introduced by Codd in His Paper

The document discusses database normalization and the three normal forms: 1) First normal form requires each cell contain a single value and records be uniquely identified by a primary key. 2) Second normal form removes subsets of data that apply to multiple rows and places them in separate tables linked through foreign keys. 3) Third normal form removes columns that are not dependent on the primary key, so all columns depend only on the primary key. The normalization process involves adjusting tables to comply with each successive normal form.

Uploaded by

Rishi Jain
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3NF

The concept of database normalization was first


introduced by Edgar Frank Codd in his paper
A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data
Banks
,.

•Database normalization is a process by which an


existing schema is modified to bring its
component tables into compliance with a series
of progressive normal forms
3NF
The goal of database normalization is to ensure
that every non-key column in every table is
directly dependent
on the key, the whole key and nothing but the ke
y
and with this goal come benefits in the form of
reduced redundancies, fewer anomalies, and
improved efficiencies.
3NF
First Normal Form (1NF)
The first normal form (1NF) sets the very crucial
rule to create the database :
1. There are no repeating or duplicate fields.
2. Each cell contains only a single value.
3. Each record is unique and identified by
primary key.
3NF
The normalization process involves getting our
data to adjust in a progressive normal forms and
you cannot achieve the higher level of
normalization without satisfying the previous
levels. The First Normal Form asking the values in
each cell of a table must be atomic. The word
atomic describes that there should be no sets of
values in one particular cell.
3NF
Let's see the example below :
3NF
This table is not in first normal form because :
    A. There are multiple fields in color lab.
    B. Records are repeating (Duplicate records)
or no primary key.
3NF
3NF
Second Normal Form (2NF)
A table is said to be in 2NF if –
A.  It should meet all the requirements of the first
normal form.
B.  It should remove subsets of data that apply to
multiple rows of a table and place them in
separate tables. 
C.  It create relationships between these new
tables and their predecessors through the use of
foreign keys. 
3NF
The First Normal form deals with the atomicity
whereas the Second Normal Form deals with the
relationship between the composite key columns
and non-key columns. To achieve the next
progressive level your table should satisfy the
requirement of First Normal Form then move
towards the Second Normal Form.
3NF
3NF
Table is not in Second Normal Form because the
price and tax depends on the item, but not
color.
3NF
Third Normal Form (1NF)
The Third Normal Form has one more additional
requirement :
A. It should meet all the requirements of the second
normal form.
        B. It should remove columns that are not
dependent upon the primary key.

In the Third Normal Form all columns depend upon the


primary key. When one column depends upon the other
column,  table break the rule and turns into the
dependency on the primary key.        
3NF
3NF
3NF
3NF
3NF
3NF

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