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    International Health Regulation

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    sasmita nayak
    The International Health Regulations (IHR) are a legally binding international agreement that aims to prevent, protect against, control, and provide public health responses to international disease spread. The IHR were revised in 2005 to move from controlling borders to containing diseases at their source, from focusing on listed diseases to addressing all public health threats, and from using pre-set measures to allowing real-time, adapted responses. Under the IHR, the WHO Director-General can declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern based on recommendations from an Emergency Committee, and countries face challenges in fully implementing IHR requirements but also stand to benefit through lives saved, good international reputation, and reduced economic impacts from unilateral restrictions.

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    International Health Regulation

    Uploaded by

    sasmita nayak
    32 views62 pages
    The International Health Regulations (IHR) are a legally binding international agreement that aims to prevent, protect against, control, and provide public health responses to international disease spread. The IHR were revised in 2005 to move from controlling borders to containing diseases at their source, from focusing on listed diseases to addressing all public health threats, and from using pre-set measures to allowing real-time, adapted responses. Under the IHR, the WHO Director-General can declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern based on recommendations from an Emergency Committee, and countries face challenges in fully implementing IHR requirements but also stand to benefit through lives saved, good international reputation, and reduced economic impacts from unilateral restrictions.

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    The International Health Regulations (IHR) are a legally binding international agreement that aims to prevent, protect against, control, and provide public health responses to international disease spread. The IHR were revised in 2005 to move from controlling borders to containing diseases at their source, from focusing on listed diseases to addressing all public health threats, and from using pre-set measures to allowing real-time, adapted responses. Under the IHR, the WHO Director-General can declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern based on recommendations from an Emergency Committee, and countries face challenges in fully implementing IHR requirements but also stand to benefit through lives saved, good international reputation, and reduced economic impacts from unilateral restrictions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views62 pages

    International Health Regulation

    Uploaded by

    sasmita nayak
    The International Health Regulations (IHR) are a legally binding international agreement that aims to prevent, protect against, control, and provide public health responses to international disease spread. The IHR were revised in 2005 to move from controlling borders to containing diseases at their source, from focusing on listed diseases to addressing all public health threats, and from using pre-set measures to allowing real-time, adapted responses. Under the IHR, the WHO Director-General can declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern based on recommendations from an Emergency Committee, and countries face challenges in fully implementing IHR requirements but also stand to benefit through lives saved, good international reputation, and reduced economic impacts from unilateral restrictions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 62

    INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

    REGULATIONS
    The International Health Regulations (IHR), first adopted by the World Health
    Assembly in 1969 and last revised in 2005, are a legally binding instrument of
    international law that aims for international collaboration "to prevent, protect
    against, control, and provide a public health response to the international spread
    of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health
    risks and that avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade"
    IHR (2005)

    1. From control of borders to containment at source


    2. From diseases list to all threats
    3. From pre-set measures to adapted and real time response
    Determination of a
    Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

    1. Director-General (DG) seeks view of “Emergency Committee” (EC)

    2. EC formed by IHR Roster of Experts - experts in all relevant fields of expertise


    (including from the concerned state party of Emergency) in accordance with
    the WHO Regulations for Expert Advisory Panels and Committees

    3. DG - invite the State Party in whose territory the event arises to present
    its views to the EC

    4. Final decision: By DG
    A. Is the Public Health Impact of the Event Serious?

    1. Is the number of cases and/or number of deaths for this type of


    event large for the given place, time or population?
    OR
    2. Has the event the potential to have a high public health impact?
    OR
    3. Is external assistance needed to detect, investigate, respond and
    control the current event, or prevent new cases?
    HIGH PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT

    1. Pathogen with high potential to cause epidemic

    2. Indication of treatment failure

    3. Cases reported among health staff or vulnerable population

    4. Factors delaying public health response (natural catastrophes, armed


    conflicts)

    5. High population density

    6. Spread of toxic, infectious or otherwise hazardous materials contaminating


    a large geographical area
    B. Is the Event Unusual or Unexpected?

    Unusual:
    1. An unknown agent or the source, vehicle, route of transmission is
    unusual or unknown
    2. Evolution of cases more severe than expected or with unusual
    symptoms
    3. Occurrence of the event itself unusual for the area, season or
    population.
    Unexpected:
    Disease/agent that had already been eliminated or eradicated
    C. Is there a significant risk of international spread?

    A. Is there evidence of an epidemiological link to similar events in other


    States?

    OR

    B. Is there any factor that should alert us to the


    potential for cross border
    movement of the agent, vehicle or host?

    Eg. Index case (or other linked cases) with a history within the
    previous month:
    1. International travel or gathering (pilgrimage, sports event,
    conference, etc.)
    D. Is there a significant risk of
    International travel or trade restrictions?
    1. Similar events in the past resulted in international restriction on
    trade and/or travel?
    2. Source suspected or known to be a food product/water/other goods
    that might be contaminated, that has been exported/imported to/from
    other States?
    3. In association with an international gathering or in an area of intense
    international tourism?
    4. Requests for more information by foreign officials or international
    media?
    38
    GOARN: 2000 - 2017

    16-07-2018 Dr Tanveer Rehman PSM JIPMER 46


    WHO Levels For Graded Emergencies
    • A public health event or emergency that is being monitored by WHO but that does not require, a WHO
    Ungrad operational response.
    ed
    • A single or multiple country event with minimal public health consequences that requires a minimal
    WCO response or a minimal international WHO response.
    Grade 1 • Organizational and/or external support required by the WCO is minimal.
    • The provision of support to the WCO is coordinated by a focal point in the regional office.

    • A single or multiple country event with moderate public health consequences that requires a moderate
    WCO response and/or moderate international WHO response.
    Grade 2 • Organizational and/or external support required by the WCO is moderate.
    • An Emergency Support Team, run out of the regional office (the Emergency Support Team is only run
    out of HQ if multiple regions are affected), coordinates the provision of support to the WCO.
    •  A single or multiple country event with substantial public health consequences that requires a
    substantial WCO response and/or substantial international WHO response.
    • Organizational and/or external support required by the WCO is substantial.
    Grade 3 •
    An Emergency Support Team, run out of the regional office, coordinates the provision of support to the
    WCO.
    Countries’ challenges for IHR implementation
     Mobilize resources and develop national action plans
     Strengthen national capacities in alert and response
     Strengthen capacity at ports, airports, and ground crossings
     Maintaining strong threat-specific readiness for known diseases /
    risks
     Rapidly notify WHO of acute public health risks
     Sustain international and intersectoral collaboration
     Monitor progress of IHR implementation
    What will WHO do under the IHR?

     Designate WHO IHR contact points


     Support States Parties in assessing their public health risks,
    through the notification, consultation, and verification
    processes
     Inform State Parties of relevant international public health
    risks
     Recommend adapted public health measures
     Assist States Parties in their efforts to investigate outbreaks
    and meet the IHR national requirements for surveillance and
    response
    Benefit from IHR implementation

     Lives saved
     Good international image
     No unilateral travel and trade
    restrictions
     Public trust
     No political and social turmoil
    THANK YOU

    16-07-2018 Dr Tanveer Rehman PSM JIPMER 35

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